What are the characteristics of pesticides to prevent rickets?

It is mainly used to control agricultural pests and municipal hygiene pests. The use of long-term history, large amount, variety. In the twentieth century, the rapid development of agriculture and pesticides caused agricultural production to rise. However, almost all pesticides can seriously alter the ecosystem, most of which are harmful to the human body, and others are concentrated in the food chain. We must strike a balance between agricultural development and the environment and health. According to the source, it can be divided into two types: biological source pesticides and chemical synthetic pesticides.

By mode of action

Can be classified as:

1 stomach poison. Through the insect mouth into its digestive system to play a poisonous killing effect, such as trichlorfon.

2 contact agents. After contact with the epidermis or appendage, it penetrates into the worm body, or corrodes the waxy layer of the worm body, or blocks the valve to kill pests, such as pyrethroids, mineral oil emulsions, and the like.

3 fumigants. The use of volatilized gases, liquids or solids to volatilize viruses to kill pests or pathogens such as methyl bromide.

4 systemic insecticide. It is absorbed by the seeds, roots, stems and leaves of the plant and transported to the whole plant. Within a certain period of time, the original body or its activated metabolites feed on the plant tissue or suck the plant juice with the pests, and enter the worm body to kill and kill. Such as dimethoate and so on.

Toxic effect

Can be classified as:

1 nerve agent. The nervous system acting on pests, such as DDT, parathion, carbofuran, pyrethrin, etc.

2 respiratory agents. A respiratory enzyme that inhibits pests, such as hydrogen cyanide.

3 physical poisons. For example, mineral oil can block the pest valve, and the inert powder can grind the epidermis of the pest and cause the pest to die.

4 specific insecticides. Inducing physiological abnormal reactions of pests, such as repellents that allow pests to leave the crops, and attracting pests by sexual attraction or bait, so that the pest taste is inhibited and the antifeedant that no longer feeds and hunger is killed. An infertility agent that acts on an adult reproductive machine to make one male or female infertile or both sexes, an insect growth regulator that affects the growth, metamorphosis, and reproduction of pests.

By source

It can be divided into:

1 inorganic and mineral insecticides. Such as lead arsenate, calcium arsenate, sodium fluorosilicate and mineral oil emulsion. Such insecticides generally have low efficacy and are susceptible to phytotoxicity to crops, while arsenic agents are highly toxic to humans. Therefore, most of the organic synthetic pesticides have been eliminated since they were used in large quantities.

2 plant insecticides. More than 1,000 plants worldwide have more or less virulence to insects. Commonly used are pyrethrum, fish vine and tobacco. In addition, some plants also contain juvenile hormones, precocious hormones, and ecdysone active substances. For example, camptothecin isolated from the root bark, bark or fruit of Camptotheca acuminata has a strong infertility to Dendrolimus punctatus.

3 organic synthetic insecticides. Such as organochlorine DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane, endosulfan, toxaphene, etc., DDT, 666 has been a large-yield, widely used two pesticide varieties, but because of the accumulation in the organism, from the 20th century It has been banned or restricted in many countries since the beginning of the year; about 400 varieties of organophosphorus parathion, trichlorfon, dimethoate, etc., yields the first place in pesticides; carbamates of carbaryl , carbofuran, etc.; pyrethroids, fenvalerate, deltamethrin, etc.; organic nitrogens, insecticides, insecticides, etc.

4 insect hormone insecticides. Such as a variety of juvenile hormones, sex hormones, etc. (see insect hormone pesticides).

The mechanism of action of a few traditional pharmaceutical agents, such as mineral oil emulsions, mainly acts as physical insecticides on the body surface, and most organic synthetic insecticides enter the pests and interfere with or destroy normal physiological and biochemical reactions at certain sites. Some ways to enter the pests, such as taking food through the mouthparts into the digestive tract, infiltration into the blood, some through the epidermis, and some through the stomata and trachea, the chemicals entering the body and the various enzymes in the body of the biochemical reaction, some reactions Degradation of the agent loses its virulence, but some agents are activated to enhance virulence. Agents that are not degraded (or activated compounds) exert a toxic effect on certain sites due to different mechanisms of action, such as acting on the nervous system or In the intracellular respiratory metabolic process.

Sensitivity

What pesticides are sensitive to crops? The following summarizes 8 items for your reference:

1. Chlorpyrifos is easy to produce phytotoxicity when used in the melon seedling period, and should be avoided in some flowering period.

2. Insecticides containing malathion are sensitive to melons, pears, peaches, grapes, beans, cruciferous and tomato seedling crops when used. They should not be used.

3, oxygenated music, dimethoate pesticides in some varieties of sorghum, mat grass, tobacco, jujube, peach, plum, apricot, cherry, citrus, olives, high concentration is easy to produce phytotoxicity, should be avoided.

4. The pesticides containing triazophos should not be used on sugar cane, which is easy to cause phytotoxicity.

5. Since phoxim is easy to decompose due to light, it should be avoided in the growth period of watermelon, radish and leafy seedlings (even in the growing season), and other crops should be avoided under strong light conditions.

6. Isocarbophos should not be used on fruit trees, vegetables or mulberry gardens. It is easy to produce deciduous fruit on peach trees.

7, insecticidal double, insecticidal single-component pesticides on cotton, beans, potatoes, easy to produce phytotoxicity, the use of cruciferous in the summer high-humidity season is also prone to phytotoxicity. In the production practice, the insecticidal doubles have also been found to be used in citrus, and should be used with caution.

8. Pesticides containing trichlorfon, dichlorvos and dibromophosphorus (dichlorvos precursors) are sensitive to seedlings of corn, beans and melons, and have phytotoxicity to sorghum.

Only by properly mastering this information can we better control the pests on crops and ensure the healthy growth of crops.

Organophosphorus pesticide

(1) Chlorpyrifos (clopidogrel)

Moderately toxic, broad-spectrum insecticidal and acaricidal agents with contact, stomach and fumigation effects. It has a certain osmotic effect on plants, and the foliar effect can reach 5-7 days, and the efficacy period in soil can reach 2 months.

Can be used for: rice, wheat, cotton, vegetables, fruit, tea and other crops to control a variety of pests.

It can be used for vegetables to control pests such as cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, bean pod, aphid, Spodoptera litura, spotted fly, and flea.

It can be used to control pests such as aphids, heartworms, leaf miner, leaf roller moth, spur moth, thorn moth, poisonous moth, lamp moth, leafhopper, cockroach, etc.

It is used to control underground pests, root mites, cockroaches and other pests.

Melon seedlings are sensitive and used with caution.

(2) Profenofos (phosphonium bromide)

Medium-toxic, broad-spectrum insecticide, acaricide with contact, stomach, fumigation and osmosis.

It can be used for crops such as cotton, fruit trees, vegetables, etc., to control pests such as cotton bollworm, borer, leaf miner, planthopper, carnivorous, aphid, leafhopper and so on.

(3) Dichlorvos moderate toxicity has fumigation, stomach poisoning and contact killing effect, broad-spectrum quick-acting effect, good control effect on chewing mouthparts and sucking mouthparts, strong knockdown force, easy decomposition and short duration.

It is suitable for controlling pests of vegetables, fruit trees, forestry, tea, cotton and adjacent harvested crops. It can also be used to control mosquitoes, fly health pests and warehouse pests.

Control aphids, spider mites, cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moth, Spodoptera litura, leaf roller moth, nettle, moth, armyworm, leafhopper. Smoke agents can be used in greenhouses.

Dichlorvos is susceptible to phytotoxicity to sorghum and rose flowers. Corn, beans, melon seedlings and willows should be sensitive to dichlorvos and should be used at low concentrations.

(4) Dibromophosphorus

Moderately toxic, with a broad spectrum of insecticides and acaricides for stomach poisoning, contact and fumigation, with rapid action and strong knockdown.

It can control pests such as Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella, leaf miner, leaf beetle, aphid, gentian moth, leaf roller moth, cockroach, nettle, blind cockroach, thrips, leafhopper and so on.

Sorghum, soybeans, and melons are sensitive to phytotoxicity.

(5) Trichlorfon

Low toxicity, with stomach poisoning and contact killing effect as a broad-spectrum insecticide.

It is suitable for a variety of crops, but sorghum and beans are particularly sensitive and susceptible to phytotoxicity. Apples are also sensitive in the early stage. Can be used in forestry, vegetables, livestock.

Control pests such as cockroaches, leaf beetles, species of flies, cockroaches, tigers, armyworms, cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moths, and moths.

Trichlorfon is not easy to use for sorghum phytotoxicity; it is also susceptible to phytotoxicity to corn, melon seedlings and beans.

(6) Malathion

Low toxicity broad spectrum pesticides. Has good contact and a certain fumigating effect.

It can control a variety of pests such as armyworm, aphids, leaf bees, heartworms, leaf beetles, blind mites, cabbage caterpillars, scale insects, moths, and moths.

(7) phoxim

Low-toxic broad-spectrum insecticide with stomach poisoning and contact killing effect. Good effect on lepidopter larvae. Foliar sprays have a short pot life but can last up to 1-2 months in the soil.

Can be used to control underground pests. Stem and leaf spray can control aphids, cabbage caterpillars, thrips, armyworms, leaf bees, leaf roller moths, whiteflies, leafhoppers, planthoppers, cotton bollworms, and moths.

Prevention and control of underground pests can be mixed with seeds, and 5% of poisonous sand is sprayed into the seeding ditch, using 2.5 kilograms of poisonous sand per acre; 1.6% phoxim granules are used to control corn borer; cucumber and kidney beans are sensitive to phoxim. It is lightly toxic.

(8) Triazophos

Moderately toxic, broad-spectrum insecticide acaricide has strong contact and stomach toxicity, strong permeability and ovicidal effect.

It can control leaf beetle, cotton bollworm, cabbage caterpillar, aphid, thrips, scorpion, spider mites, nematodes and underground pests.

2 carbamate insecticide

(9) Isoprocarb

Moderately toxic, the contact agent has good control effect on the planthopper and leafhopper, and can be used to control aphids and whiteflies in the protected area.

3 pyrethroid insecticide

(10) fenpropathrin

Moderately toxic, broad-spectrum insecticidal acaricide.

It can control pests such as cotton bollworm, aphids, leaf roller moth, blind cockroach, thrips, cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, beet armyworm, whitefly, cabbage, leafhopper and so on.

(11) Bifenthrin

Moderate toxicity has contact and stomach toxicity, combined with repellent and antifeedant effects, and broad-spectrum insecticidal and acaricidal agents.

It can be used to control Bemisia tabaci, cotton bollworm, leaf miner, heartworm, leafhopper, leafhopper and so on.

(12) cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin

It is moderately toxic, has strong contact and stomach toxicity, and also has repellent effect. It is a broad-spectrum insecticide with a certain killing effect.

It can control whitefly, cotton bollworm, aphid, heartworm, cockroach, cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, leaf roller moth, leaf miner, leafhopper and so on.

(13) Beta-cypermethrin

Low toxicity and broad spectrum, with contact and stomach toxicity.

It can be used to control aphids, cotton bollworm, cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, heartworm, leaf roller moth, and leaf spot fly.

The pyrethroids used in agriculture include fenvalerate, deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, and fluvalinate, and the insecticidal range is about the same.

4 benzoylurea insecticide (chitin synthesis preparation)

(14) Diflubenzuron

Low toxicity, mainly based on stomach toxicity and contact effect, special effects on lepidoptera and diptera larvae, not effective on adults, but can make adults sterile, eggs can not hatch normally.

It can control cabbage caterpillar, armyworm, corn borer, leaf miner, moth, moth, and moth. The insecticidal effect is slow but the efficacy period is long, up to 15-20 days.

(15) Flurazine

Low toxicity, mainly based on stomach toxicity and contact. It is effective against a variety of pests of Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera, and is ineffective against sucking mouthparts.

It can control pests such as Pieris rapae, pea pods, cotton bollworm, leaf miner, heartworm, and moth.

(16) hexaflumuron

Low toxicity, broad spectrum, strong knockdown, ovicidal activity, contact, stomach toxicity and antifeedant effect, with a shelf life of 15 days.

It can control cotton bollworm, diamondback moth, golden moth, and beet armyworm. Commonly used 50% emulsifiable concentrate 1500-2000 times.

(17) Flumazenil

Low-toxic insecticides and acaricides have contact and stomach toxicity.

It can control cotton bollworm, pea pod, diamondback moth, red spider, etc.

(18) guanidine

Low toxicity, mainly stomach toxicity, has a certain contact effect, and has an egg killing effect.

It can control cotton bollworm, beet armyworm, bean pod, cabbage caterpillar, and thrips.

(19) chlortetracycline

Low toxicity, with a systemic conduction effect on the Diptera pests.

It can control various flies and is a good medicine for controlling Liriomyza.

5 ecdysone and juvenile hormone

(20) tebufenozide

Low toxicity, stomach toxicity, stimulating insects to peel off early, chemical sterilization.

It can control aphids, spider mites, leaf miner, thrips, heartworm, leaf roller moth, beet armyworm and so on.

(21) methoprene

Juvenile hormone, adult infertility, no hatching, larvae can not become adult.

Similar products also have a diet to accelerate peeling, and methoxyfenozide, furanyl hydrazide and chlorfenapyr have the same effect.

(22) Buprofezin

Low toxicity, strong contact killing effect, certain stomach toxicity, insecticidal action similar to urea insecticide.

It can control leafhoppers, planthoppers, whiteflies and scale insects. It has phytotoxicity to cabbage and radish.

6 new smoke, alkali insecticides

(23) Imidacloprid

Moderately toxic, with systemic absorption, stomach toxicity is good for sucking mouthparts pests.

Control aphids, leafhoppers, planthoppers, whiteflies, thrips, etc.

(24) Thiamethoxam

Low toxicity broad spectrum with stomach poisoning, contact and strong systemic action.

It can control aphids, spider mites, planthoppers, thrips, whiteflies, mites, leaf beetles, leaf miners, nematodes and so on. Similar drugs include: clothianidin, chlorothiazol, flubendiamide, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, piperidine and the like.

7 other pesticides

(25) Avermectin

Highly toxic, broad spectrum, with contact, stomach poison and weak fumigation. Strong osmosis.

It can control leaf beetle, diamondback moth, leaf miner, aphid, pear hibiscus, whitefly, cockroach, cotton bollworm and so on.

(26) Methyl avermectin

A moderately toxic, broad-spectrum insecticidal acaricide that acts as an abamectin.

It can control pests such as Plutella xylostella, beet armyworm, cotton bollworm, leaf curler, corn borer, pear hibiscus, red spider, heartworm, and blind mites. The content of active ingredients in common dosage forms varies greatly, and can be used according to the product description.

(27) Pyridoxine

Low toxicity, with contact and systemic effects.

Mainly control aphids, leafhoppers, planthoppers, whiteflies.

(28) spinosyn

Low-toxic, broad-spectrum insecticides have strong osmotic effects on contact and stomach toxicity, rapid insecticide, and bactericidal effect on some pests.

Can be used to control Lepidoptera, Diptera.

More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network

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