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Estimating and determining the amount of firefighters, fire stations, and firefighting vehicles required in various urban and rural areas is an important issue that affects the development of fire protection throughout the country and must be valued by fire management agencies at all levels. In 2005 , a task force headed by Professors H. Bruslinski and C. Sokolov of the Academy of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation completed a special research task assigned by the leadership of the Ministry. In order to determine the number of firefighters required by various Russian Federation entities ( states, border regions, autonomous republics, etc. ) , they established a special calculation model based on the 2002 Russian population census data and the fire situation at the time and the organization and management principles of fire rescue operations in various regions. , has been recognized by domestic and foreign experts. Later, they used this method of measurement, according to the results of the 2010 all-Russian population census and the fire situation at that time, the relevant data were re-corrected, and entered a c · Sokolov article published in the "Fire Services" in Russia in the sixth issue - —How many firefighters in Russia are needed? This article briefly reports here, hoping to have a reference for interested readers.
1 Russia urban and rural settlements of fire
As of 2010, the Russian Federation a total of 394 city residents point 2 (in which (s) 1 099 urban-type settlements 1,295), 15 rural settlements. 3l thousand. A total of 74 % of the country’s total population live in urban settlements , and rural areas account for 26 % of the national population . According to the national fire statistics, a total of 17 fires occurred in Russia in 2010 . 950,000 , of which 10 cities . 980,000 from the (accounting for the total number of fires 61.1%), rural 6. 980,000 from the (accounting for 38.9% of the total number of fire). According to the number of fires per 1,000 inhabitants, the national average is 1 . 26 cases (city 1.05 from rural areas 1.8 onwards). Based on the census and fire statistics, we can understand the population distribution of various types of residential areas in urban and rural areas in the country, and calculate various steps and put forward some opinions. June 2012, H · Bruce Lynskey and the average annual residential fire occurs, the fire data (see Table 1).
2 Rural Fire Protection Organization
From Table 1, it can be seen that in rural Russia 10 . The small settlements of 220,000 people with fewer than 100 people are not actually involved in fires except accidental accidents. In 4 . 030 000 port is 101--1000 people of small rural settlements, the average fire occurred two years I played. In these small rural settlements ( many of which are equivalent to Chinese villages ) with a population of less than 1,000 people , local volunteer fire protection organizations should be responsible for the fight against fire, and higher-level fire protection agencies should provide certain guidance. In each small rural residential not too far from each other, the 20 may be made of a small settlement lO together constitute fire zone defense by volunteer fire a permanent position of the center thereof or in large settlements. However, this suitable geographical condition is not available in many rural areas of Russia.
In the Russian countryside, the rest of the population of more than 1 l 000 people. 060,000 medium-sized, larger and large settlements, fire is more, almost every residential fires occur annually 2. 4 - 13 . 2 onwards, every 2--3 years and one fire death. Several types of rural settlements, the needs of each respective settlement formation of a volunteer fire department; some population of more than 5,000 settlements as required can also create a professional fire department. Some volunteer fire brigades are best equipped with several professional firefighters as captains and other key players to play a central role within the team. Moreover, the larger the number of volunteer fire brigades, the proportion of professional firefighters and the volunteer fire brigade composed of fire volunteers and professional fire fighters have played their due role in Germany, the United States and other countries. As the trends in these countries show, the number of professional firefighters in volunteer firefighting teams will gradually decrease as high-quality, well-trained firefighting volunteers increase.
3 town firefighting team
In small towns where the VI is less than 20,000 people, the fire situation is similar to that of large or large rural settlements. These small towns each establish a career or volunteer fire department as required (some discretion volunteer fire department can absorb several professional firefighters, captain and other backbone. In a population of 20,000, no more than a small town of 50,000, as required can establish 2--3 Zhi professional fire brigade or slightly anti-squad, namely fire station.
In various types of towns with different population sizes, the firefighting force determines the number of fire trucks based on the number of people ( see Table 2) , and determines the setting of the fire station based on the urban area, the speed of the fire trucks, and the radius of the outgoing fires that the fire brigade dispatches to the fire station after receiving the alarms. The quantity ( see Table 3) should be determined to be as large as approximately 25 % to 30 % of the total population . The amount of firefighters required for this city.
It should be noted that Russia will pump and tank fire truck fire truck as the basic, per tank / pump fire fighting capacity while on duty for the six (usually monitor driver, 1-- 4 combatants); while on duty in a special ground fire truck, fire engine fighting capacity per climb to 2 (driver, operator), antivirus smoke special ground combat vehicles capacity 8 (squad leader, each one driver, two teams fighting each 3), carbon dioxide fire fighting capacity 5 (squad leader, each one driver, operator 3). Russia’s national fire-fighting force adopts a contractual service system ( not an active-duty system ) . In accordance with the requirements of laws and regulations, the grass-roots fire brigade implements four round-by- night shifts. Therefore, the number of preparations for each combat class, on-duty captain and telephone clerk is calculated on the basis of four times the number of personnel on duty . At the same time, the command, management, logistical support, and fire supervision personnel of each fire squadron and above are also to be accounted for in the firefighting. The total number of staffing establishments.
It is estimated that the staffing of the Russian National Fire fighting forces should be 24 in case of 25 million people, the total number of firefighters to be prepared in case of 29 to 28 million people; the number of volunteer fire brigade in case of 70 should reach 67 million people. As of 2012 , there were actually 220,000 firefighters in Russia , and the local full-time fire brigade 1 . 50,000 people, volunteer fire brigade 13 . 50,000 people. In fact, many fighting groups in the fire brigade have not reached the full requirements, but at most 70 %. Although the above method for determining the number of firefighter posts required in the country is relatively scientific, it uses the average of urban and rural data across the country, and it is difficult to fully reflect the different characteristics of each region ( the main body of the Federation ) . In real life, Russia's 83 federal entities ( states, border regions, autonomous republics, etc. ) differ greatly in terms of demographic, economic, social, and fire conditions. Therefore, the specific data of each area should be separately measured to make the measurement more accurate and realistic.
The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.
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