Black bitter gourd is strong in resistance, green in color, pearl-like, beautiful in appearance, thick in flesh, crisp and juicy, slightly bitter and sweet. The single fruit weighs 0.6~1 kg, and the open-pit yield is about 4,000 kg. The high-yield cultivation in the greenhouse is more than 6000 kg per mu. It is one of the outstanding varieties of characteristic bitter gourd worth promoting. 1. Selection of soil Black bitter melon is resistant to fertilizer and is not resistant to cockroaches. It is advisable to choose fertile clay loam or sandy loam, which is not suitable for continuous cropping with melon crops. 2. Seeding and planting black bitter gourd can be planted according to the cultivation time of common bitter gourd. Protected cultivation can be selected from October to November, and early spring cultivation can be planted in the middle and late February, but it should be concentrated in the film shed to prevent frost damage. When the seedlings are in the middle of the leaves, choose to transplant in sunny afternoon. Deeply ploughed and made into sorghum, covered with black or two-color mulch (silver above, black underneath). By laying a dropper hose under the membrane, water can be saved and the trouble of removing the grass can be saved. The specifications are generally 1.5 to 1.8 meters wide and double rows, and the plant spacing is 50 inside. In the summer and autumn, the growth is weaker, and the result is earlier. The plant spacing can be reduced to 40. 3. Fertilizer management base fertilizer should be sufficient, 1,500 kg of pure organic fertilizer and 30 kg of superphosphate. In spring seeding, the fertilization period should be less fertilized, so as not to suffer from freezing damage; the summer and autumn species should continue to topdress after the cotyledon exhibition. During the flowering period, more than two heavy fertilizers should be applied. Generally, the initial flowering time is 25 kg of peanut bran or 50 kg of high-quality fermented beef and sheep manure, 30 kg of compound fertilizer, combined with the application of soil; once after the first harvest, the compound is used in the mu Fertilize 25 kg and apply again. After every 2~3 times in the future, look at the growth situation and apply 15 kg of compound fertilizer. At the same time, it is necessary to keep up with the water supply and ensure the fat and water of the black bitter gourd. 4. When the whole branch is introduced into the spring, the lateral buds and the old leaf leaves that are 50~80 cm below the ground should be removed in time to light and ventilate, reducing nutrient loss. Or after the first melon is removed, the base side branches are removed, and the excess melon and female flowers are removed in time, and there are 2~3 empty knots between the melon and the melon. Tied 1 time around 5 knots. After harvesting the two fruits, look at the side branches for 1 to 3 knots with or without female flowers, and then keep them, if not, cut them. Two times of pruning will be carried out during the fruiting period. In the cultivation, the vines should be diligent, and the main vines are generally straight along the bamboo poles, and the lateral vines are horizontally directed to the left and right sides of the stent. It is best to introduce the vines on a sunny afternoon. In addition, it is best to use scaffolding to facilitate fruit picking and pest control. 5. Protected land artificial pollination greenhouse cultivation black bitter gourd every morning with male flower stamen touch the stamen of female flowers, a male flower can pollinate 2~3 female flowers. Conditional can use bee pollination. 6. Timely harvesting can be harvested 12 to 15 days after flowering, and the fruit weight is about 0.3 kg. The harvest time is good in the morning. At this time, the fruit is fully inflated, the skin is dark green, the knob-like protrusions become thick, the longitudinal grooves become shallow, and the tip is smooth. 7. Pest control The diseases of black bitter gourd mainly include viral diseases, powdery mildew, gray mold and downy mildew; the main pests are aphids, whitefly, and American leaf miners. In the protected area cultivation, it is necessary to reduce the humidity, and use the insect net to hang the yellow trap. Conditional increase of solar frequency insecticidal insecticidal lamps to trap pests. In addition, natural enemies or biological and plant chemicals (agro- streptomycin, neomycin, matrine) can be used for pest control. (邵å·æ–Œè´¤)
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