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In modern cotton farming, pesticide application remains the primary method for controlling bollworms. However, integrating various agronomic practices can significantly enhance pest management effectiveness and reduce reliance on chemical inputs. Here are several effective non-chemical methods that farmers can use to manage cotton bollworms:
1. **Manual Removal of Insects**: During the early growth stages, such as when cotton buds are forming, removing the tops, tips, and unproductive flowers from the field helps eliminate potential breeding grounds. This practice can reduce the population of eggs and larvae by 40% to 60%.
2. **Egg Smearing**: When bollworm eggs are in their early developmental stage, farmers can manually wipe them off the plants using a cloth or sponge. Repeating this process every three days, up to three or four times, can reduce the number of eggs by 60% to 80%.
3. **Irrigation for Pest Control**: During dry periods, applying irrigation water can help control bollworm populations. Studies show that flooding the topsoil for about one and a half days can kill nearly all bollworms within a day, achieving a 100% mortality rate.
4. **Fertilization with Disinfectant Solutions**: Applying a 1%-2% calcium perphosphate solution during the bollworm's egg-laying period through foliar spraying can reduce egg deposition by 33.3% to 74.4%, with an average reduction of 55%.
5. **Cultivation for Pest Control**: Timely soil cultivation during the growing season helps destroy bollworm pupae and larvae in the soil, reducing their emergence and subsequent damage.
6. **Biological Control with Trichogramma Wasps**: When the egg density reaches around 5%, releasing 15,000 Trichogramma wasps per acre can effectively control bollworm populations. Releasing them every 4–5 days for 3–4 times can result in a control efficiency ranging from 69% to 100%.
7. **Light Traps**: Bollworms are attracted to light, so installing blacklight traps every 20–30 acres can help capture adult moths, reducing egg laying by 20% to 30%.
8. **Manual Collection of Larvae**: During high-density infestations or after pesticide applications, mobilizing labor to manually collect older larvae can provide immediate and visible results.
These integrated strategies not only improve bollworm control but also promote sustainable agricultural practices. By combining these methods with regular monitoring and timely action, farmers can achieve better long-term results while minimizing environmental impact.
This article was compiled and published by **China Pesticide Network**. Please cite the source.