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Pesticide use remains the primary method for controlling cotton bollworms in agricultural practices. However, integrating various agronomic techniques can significantly enhance pest management results. These supplementary methods not only reduce reliance on chemicals but also promote a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to crop protection.
1. **Insect Pruning**: During the early growth stages of cotton, removing the tips, buds, and non-productive flowers from the field helps eliminate potential breeding sites. This practice reduces the number of eggs and larvae in the field by 40% to 60%.
2. **Egg Smearing**: When cotton bollworm eggs are in their early stage, they can be manually removed by wiping them off the leaves. Conducting this process every three days, up to 3–4 times, can reduce egg populations by 60% to 80%.
3. **Irrigation for Pest Control**: During the bollworm’s active period, combining irrigation with drought management can help control the population. Flooding the topsoil for about one and a half days can result in nearly 100% mortality of young bollworms.
4. **Fertilization and Disinfection**: Applying a 1% to 2% calcium perphosphate solution as a foliar spray during the bollworm’s egg-laying period can reduce egg deposition in cotton fields by 33.3% to 74.4%, with an average reduction of 55%.
5. **Cultivation for Pest Control**: Timely field cultivation during the growing season disrupts the bollworm’s life cycle by destroying their hiding places and killing larvae, thereby reducing their emergence rate.
6. **Introducing Natural Enemies**: When the egg density reaches around 5%, releasing 15,000 red-eyed wasps per acre can effectively control the population. Repeating this process every 4–5 days for 3–4 times can achieve control rates between 69% and 100%.
7. **Light Traps**: Using black light traps in cotton fields—installed every 20–30 acres—helps capture adult bollworms due to their attraction to light. This method can reduce egg laying by 20% to 30%.
8. **Manual Pest Removal**: In cases of high infestation or after chemical treatments, mobilizing workers to manually remove mature larvae from the field is an effective and immediate solution.
These integrated strategies provide farmers with a comprehensive and eco-friendly approach to managing cotton bollworms. By combining these methods, it's possible to achieve long-term pest control while minimizing environmental impact.
This article was compiled and published by **China Pesticide Network**. Please cite the source.