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Seaweed is a type of autotrophic marine plant that plays an important role in photosynthesis, especially in the form of algae. Depending on their color, algae can be categorized into red algae, green algae, brown algae, cyanobacteria, and other types. Seaweed is highly nutritious, with protein content ranging from 8% to 12%, and sometimes reaching up to 17%. It also contains various metabolites such as starch, mannitol, and cellulose, which make up more than 30% of its composition. In addition, seaweed is rich in iodine, with an average content of about 0.4% to 0.7%, making it an excellent natural source for iodine supplementation.
Beyond iodine, seaweed contains carbohydrates, multiple vitamins, and bioactive compounds that support animal growth and health. Due to its high nutritional value, seaweed is often processed into powder and added to animal feed in specific proportions. This practice has been shown to significantly improve livestock growth rates, reduce disease occurrences, and enhance both productivity and product quality.
Studies have demonstrated that adding 2% seaweed powder to broiler feed can boost growth rates by 14% to 19%, improve feed conversion efficiency, and lower mortality rates. When 30% of the laying hen diet is replaced with seaweed powder, it not only reduces feed costs but also increases egg production by 6%. For pigs, adding 2% to 3% seaweed powder to their feed can increase daily weight gain by approximately 18% while reducing concentrate usage by 2% to 3%. This leads to healthier, better-developed animals.
In dairy cattle, incorporating 5% seaweed powder into the feed can improve the cow’s feeding capacity and increase milk yield by about 6%. Moreover, the iodine content in the milk rises significantly, enhancing its overall nutritional value. These findings highlight the potential of seaweed as a valuable and sustainable feed additive across various livestock species.