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Seaweed is a type of autotrophic marine plant that plays a vital role in photosynthesis, mainly through various types of algae. Depending on their color, seaweeds are classified into red algae, green algae, brown algae, cyanobacteria, and other species. These organisms are not only rich in nutrients but also provide essential compounds for both humans and animals. Research shows that seaweed contains approximately 8% to 12% protein, with some varieties reaching up to 17%. In addition, it is packed with metabolites such as starch, mannitol, and cellulose, which together make up more than 30% of its composition. Seaweed also contains moderate levels of iodine, around 0.4% to 0.7%, making it an excellent natural source for iodine supplementation.
Beyond iodine, seaweed is a great source of carbohydrates, multiple vitamins, and bioactive compounds that can promote the growth and health of animals. Due to its high nutritional value, seaweed is often processed into powder form and added to animal feed. When properly incorporated into livestock diets, it has been shown to significantly improve growth rates, reduce disease occurrences, and enhance productivity and product quality.
Studies have demonstrated that adding 2% seaweed powder to broiler feed can boost growth rates by 14% to 19%, while improving feed conversion efficiency and lowering mortality rates. Similarly, when 30% of the feed for laying hens is replaced with seaweed powder, it not only reduces feed costs but also increases egg production by about 6%. For pigs, adding 2% to 3% seaweed powder to their diet can increase daily weight gain by nearly 18% and reduce the need for concentrated feed by 2% to 3%. This leads to healthier, better-developed animals.
In dairy cows, adding 5% seaweed powder to their feed can enhance their feeding capacity and increase milk yield by approximately 6%. Moreover, because seaweed is high in iodine, this results in higher iodine content in the milk, thereby boosting its nutritional value. Overall, incorporating seaweed into animal feed offers a sustainable and nutritious solution that benefits both livestock and the environment.