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**Abstract**
The large-scale application of diamond in the construction and stone industry has significantly driven the development of large-cavity presses. Since 1985, the Huangge Abrasives Factory in Huangge County became the first in China to produce diamond terrazzo machines and synthetic diamond grinding discs. This innovation greatly advanced the use of diamonds in construction. Over time, the demand for diamonds increased dramatically, reaching six times the level in 1994. By that year, the number of six-sided top presses below 800T had grown to 3,000 units, with an output of nearly 400 million carats. Notably, the Yellow River Company's demand for Type 1 and Type 2 materials accounted for almost 90% of domestic production.
In 1994, the company’s diamond consumption reached 120 million carats, making up 30% of the national total. The company also established three production lines for high-grade stone saw blades, concrete drills, and drill bits, which further increased its demand for high-quality diamonds. To meet this need, the company built a production line using 60 six-sided presses, capable of producing 8 million carats annually. However, most of the produced diamonds were medium or low grade, and high-grade diamonds still needed to be imported.
Despite these challenges, the company had experience in diamond production and recognized the importance of developing its own technology. Chairman Qiao Jinling, known for his vision, led a team to conduct extensive research on diamond production technologies both domestically and internationally. His efforts laid the groundwork for the future development of large-cavity presses.
**Extensive Technical Investigation and Demonstration: Laying the Foundation for Large-Cavity Press Design**
Starting in May 1994, Chairman Qiao Jinling led a series of overseas visits to countries such as the United States, Russia, Japan, and South Korea. He engaged with companies like GE, Elwood, ODK, Dongming, Jinjin, and others, gaining insights into foreign two-sided diamond presses and their synthesis processes. Key findings included the superior performance of two-sided presses, the difficulty of acquiring foreign technology, and the limitations of domestic manufacturing capabilities.
Simultaneously, the company conducted domestic investigations, consulting with experts from institutions like the Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute, the Ministry of Metallurgy, and the Institute of Geology and Minerals. These discussions revealed that while Chinese six-sided presses had been developed for years, improvements in structural rigidity and control systems were essential for industrialization.
Chairman Qiao Jinling’s vision led to the formation of a dedicated team of over 30 experts to design and develop the UDS-I type (Φ400 bore, 6×13.5MN) large-cavity press. Through months of collaboration, they addressed critical technical challenges, including cavity design, pressure control, and intelligent automation.
**Rigorous Technical Design and Manufacturing Ensure Industrial Success**
With a clear vision, the team successfully developed the first UDS-I press in March 1997. Subsequent tests confirmed the feasibility of the large-cavity process. By 1998, 100 UDS-I presses were installed, boosting the company’s annual diamond output to over 70 million carats. By 1999, this number rose to 150 million carats.
Key technological advancements included improved structural rigidity, enhanced computerized control systems, and optimized thermal insulation in the synthesis cavity. These innovations not only improved diamond quality but also reduced production costs, giving the company a competitive edge.
**Technological Advancements Drive Expansion of Large-Cavity Presses**
Building on the success of the UDS-I model, the company launched the UDS-II (Φ450 bore, 6×20MN) and UDS-III (Φ630 bore, 6×28.5MN) presses. These models featured more advanced control systems, better mechanical stability, and improved synthesis efficiency. By 2000, 220 UDS-II presses were in operation, producing 450 million carats annually.
Although the UDS-III faced some production challenges due to machining limitations, it demonstrated the potential for even larger presses. The project also spurred broader industry development, with multiple manufacturers introducing new models in the following years.
**Reflections on the Future of China’s Diamond Industry**
Today, China is the world’s largest diamond producer, with an annual output exceeding 11 billion carats. Yet, the industry still faces challenges, such as exporting low-cost diamonds while importing high-quality ones at premium prices.
To achieve true leadership in the global diamond market, the industry must learn from successful examples like the Yellow River Company. Its chairman, Qiao Jinling, exemplified visionary leadership, strategic planning, and the ability to unite top experts. His efforts not only transformed the company but also set a benchmark for the entire industry.
By fostering collaboration, investing in R&D, and embracing innovation, China can move beyond being a major producer to becoming a global leader in the diamond industry.