Spring-selling beer barley is mainly grown in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang and other provinces (regions). In recent years, domestic beer has decreased slightly, and foreign barley imports continue to increase, which has a certain impact on domestic beer barley production. In the spring of 2016, beer barley should be based on a stable area, vigorously develop order production, avoid overcapacity, and there is a market slow-moving. In order to improve the production level and product quality of spring-sported barley in China, the technical guidance for production in 2016 was proposed.
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First, the Northeast production area
The area mainly includes Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin and eastern Inner Mongolia.
(1) Depending on local conditions, choose the fine seed
According to the local ecological characteristics, production conditions, variety characteristics and regional adaptability, choose the local seed management department to register and authenticate, suitable for local planting of good varieties, such as spring strong, drought-tolerant, early maturing varieties, 垦麦麦7, 垦麦麦9 No., No. 10 beer and No. 2, Longmai Mai 2, etc. Planted in central and western Inner Mongolia, you can choose medium-ripe varieties such as Mengmaimai 2 and Mengmaimai 3.
(2) Applying the base fertilizer, fine land preparation,
The area usually has more snowfall in winter and better soil moisture in spring, and no more no-till cultivation. Before planting, do a good job before crushing, so as not to affect the seeding and emergence. The base fertilizer is applied with the seeds at the time of sowing, and 9.0 kg of pure nitrogen, 9.0 kg of P2O5 and 1.5 kg of K2O are applied per mu, and the topdressing period is basically no longer topdressing.
(3) Properly planting, rationally planting
The sooner the spring barley is planted, the better. The specific sowing date varies from region to region. Heilongjiang is generally from April 1st to 25th, and Inner Mongolia from March 20th to April 20th. The northeastern Hailar planting period starts from May 5th and can be extended to June 10. The field with a lot of rainfall or good irrigation conditions, medium or above fertility, and 300-350 kg per mu, is suitable for 30-35 million mu of basic seedlings. According to the normal germination rate of seeds of 95%, the weight of 1000-grain is 45 grams, and the acreage is about 15-17 kg. Arid hillsides can increase the amount of seeding appropriately, but should not exceed 20 kg. The sowing method generally uses a mechanical strip of 20-25 cm line spacing.
(4) Scientific irrigation, rational fertilization
In the northeastern region, there is a relatively large amount of rainfall. In the barley production field with irrigation conditions, the head water is poured in the 3-leaf stage or the jointing stage, and the second water is poured at the heading stage. The whole growth period is generally 2-3 times. In order to save irrigation water and reduce production costs, weir irrigation can be used. Water-saving irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation can be used in areas where conditions permit.
(5) Prevention and control of diseases, quality and quantity,
Barley stripe disease is the main disease in Northeast China, which reduces both yield and quality. 100 kg of 100 ml of the seed dressing is used, or the seed dressing agent (containing 10% carbofuran, 10% thiram) is used for seed dressing at a seed weight of 0.3%. In recent years, with the promotion of no-tillage cultivation techniques, barley root rot has become more harmful in the northeast region, and it can be applied to the soil with 3 kg of anti-corrosion and seed fertilizer at the time of sowing; or 20% propiconazole microemulsion, The seed dressing was carried out according to the seed weight of 0.17% and the water consumption of 2%, and 40 ml per acre was used at the heading stage, and 12 liters of water was applied for foliar spray control.
(6) Timely storage, anti-mold and insect-proof
The germination rate is one of the most important quality traits of beer barley, and the early or late harvest will affect germination. The sowing period in Northeast China is quite different, and the harvest time is inconsistent. Generally, beer barley is most suitable for harvesting in wax maturity. Degranulation, drying and storage in time after harvest to prevent insects and mildew.
Second, the northwest production area
The area mainly includes Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang provinces (districts).
(1) Choosing a good seed
In areas with low altitude and irrigation conditions, it is possible to use high-quality beer barley varieties with long growth period, slightly weak spring, high-yield water, fertilizer and high-yield, such as Gan Beer No. 6, Gan Beer No. 7 and Yu Beer No. 6. In the hillside above 2000 meters above sea level, it is advisable to use drought-tolerant and early-maturing varieties Gan Beer No. 5. In addition, the new D9, the new D10 and the new beer No. 4 can also be selected.
(2) Applying the base fertilizer, fine land preparation,
Northwest spring sowing barley is generally irrigated and planted before winter, and the bottom is guaranteed to ensure emergence. Springs that are not irrigated before winter are required to be irrigated in spring. In barley production, due to improper fertilization, it is easy to cause the protein content of the grain to exceed the standard and affect the quality. It is recommended to apply the base fertilizer before planting, and no longer topdressing in the growing season. The amount of base fertilizer should be determined according to the actual soil force, and 12 kg of pure nitrogen should be applied per mu. 10 kg P2O5 and 2 kg K2O.
(3) Properly planting, rationally planting
As in the northeast region, it is recommended to plant the top seed. Gansu generally grows from March 10 to 25, Xinjiang from March 20 to April 20, and the planting period is delayed as the altitude increases. Generally, the rainfall is relatively high or the irrigation conditions are good, the medium and above fertility, the yield per mu is 400-500 kg, and the basic seedlings per mu are 300-400,000. According to the normal germination rate of seeds of 95% and the weight of 45 grams, the acreage is about 15-19 kg. The high-altitude arid hillside can increase the amount of seeding appropriately, but it should not exceed 25 kg per mu. In addition to the seeding method, the sowing method can also be used to highlight drought-resistant and water-saving.
(4) Scientific irrigation, reasonable topdressing
There is less rainfall in this area. The fields with irrigation conditions are topping water at the 3-leaf stage, two waters at the jointing stage, three waters at the heading stage, and 3-4 times during the whole growth period. In order to save irrigation water and reduce production costs, ridge irrigation or flood irrigation can be used. Water-saving irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation can be used in areas where conditions permit. Farmland with insufficient base fertilizer, appropriate topdressing or water and fertilizer integrated under-film drip irrigation. However, the top dressing should not be too late, and should be applied once in the first stage before the 3 leaf stage.
(5) Strictly prevent diseases, except for good grasses,
Wild oats are the main grass damage in the northwest spring sowing barley production. The acre with 60 ml of love show, 15 kg of water, for seedling spray control. Barley stripe disease is the main disease of northwest barley. It can be seeded with 100 ml/100 kg of propranolol or seed dressing with 0.3% seed weight (including 10% carbofur, 10% thiram). Prevention and treatment.
(6) Timely storage, anti-mold and insect-proof
The harvest period of barley in the northwest region varies according to the sowing date. Gansu generally harvests from July 15th to 25th, Xinjiang from July 20th to the end of September. Specifically, it is necessary to grasp the principle that beer barley is generally most suitable for harvesting in wax maturity. After harvesting, it should be threshed, aired and stored in time to prevent insects and mildew.
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