2016 peanut production technical guidance

Peanut sowing is about to begin. In response to this year's climate characteristics, the Ministry of Agriculture Oil Materials Experts Guidance Group and the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center will study and provide 2016 guidance on peanut production technology.

All localities should select high-yield and high-quality oil-based, food processing, export-oriented and other special varieties with market advantages according to soil, climate, market and other conditions. In the spring, the peanuts in the north are selected for the mid-late ripe large fruit varieties with large yield potential and the growth period of 130-140 days; the wheat-laying peanuts are selected from the medium-early-maturing large fruit varieties with a growth period of 120-130 days; 110-115 days of early-maturing medium-fruit or small-fruit varieties; in the northeastern region, medium-early-maturing large-fruit varieties with a growth period of 120-130 days are selected, and those with high latitude, short frost-free period and low accumulated temperature are selected for precocity within 120 days of growth period. Small fruit varieties; southern spring peanuts use medium or large fruit pearl bean varieties with a growth period of about 120 days. When selecting varieties, it is necessary to pay attention to the characteristics of the species and the occurrence of disasters such as local droughts and floods, pests and diseases, especially in the areas where the bacterial wilt occurs (land plots), high-resistance varieties should be selected, and areas with severe rotten fruit disease should be Use a strong resistant variety. For the production areas with high degree of mechanical harvesting, the varieties with concentrated results, good maturity, good toughness and suitable mechanized harvest should be selected. Linyi Fertilizer Network Copyright
The spring planting of large peanuts in the northern producing area requires that the ground temperature of 5 cm be stable above 15 °C, and the small peanuts should be stably sown above 12 °C; the wheat stalked peanuts should be interplanted 15-20 days before the wheat harvest; the summer directing peanuts should be harvested after the previous crops are harvested. When you grab the time, you can sown as early as possible, and the soil with large sand content can also be sown by sticking, and then smashed after emergence. When the spring sowing peanuts in the south require 5 cm of ground temperature to stabilize above 12 °C, the seeds are plucked in the cold tail. The relative water content of the soil at the time of sowing is 70%-75%, that is, the soil of the tillage layer can be formed into a group, and the handcuffs are loose, so it is necessary to do so. 10-15 days before sowing, shelling, shelling can be carried out for 2-3 days before shelling, remove the mold, damaged, germinated seeds, graded according to grain size, graded sowing. Seeds that have been husked before sowing should be properly preserved to prevent moisture absorption from affecting the germination rate. Before planting, each seed of acre (15-17 kg) is made with high skill (60% imidacloprid seed coating) 30 ml + cola (2.5% flavononitrile) 25 ml + water 250 ml, or high 30 ml + Weifu (20% wilting + 20% Fumei double) 40 ml + water 250 ml seed dressing, can effectively prevent soil-borne diseases (root rot, stem rot, crown rot, etc.) and underground pests. Mix the seeds and mix them evenly. After seed dressing, dry the seed coats and sow them. It is best to follow the mix. For coated peanuts, it is advisable to use mulching, ditching, fertilizing, sowing, covering soil, spraying herbicide, laminating, compacting and multi-functional mechanical sowing. If a multi-functional mechanical sowing is not used, the seedlings should be broken in time to avoid Burning seedlings. With mechanically harvested plots, the spacing and mechanical fit should be fully considered when planting peanuts. Linyi Fertilizer Network Copyright
Peanut fertilization in principle insists on the application of organic fertilizer, minimizing the amount of chemical fertilizer application, organic and inorganic combination, quick-acting and slow-release combination, due to the skillful application of functional fertilizer. Pay attention to the application of calcium fertilizer, acidic soil with lime and other physiological alkaline calcium-containing fertilizers, alkaline soil can be applied with physiological acidic calcium-containing fertilizers such as gypsum, continuous application of soil can increase the application of lime nitrogen, biological bacterial fertilizer, etc., can significantly reduce soil The number of pathogens and eggs, balance the soil microbial population, and improve soil fertility. Spring peanuts and summer peanuts sowed in foot, generally do not need watering at the seedling stage. Suitable drought is beneficial to root development, improve the ability of plants to resist drought and sputum, and also facilitate shortening of the first and second internodes, facilitating the lowering of fruit needles and increasing The rate of fruit filling; the drought of the wheat seedlings during the seedling stage should be timely watered to protect the seedlings. The mid-fertility period (flowering period and pod-forming period) is the most sensitive period for peanuts to respond to water, and it is also the period with the most water demand in the whole life. The drought has a great influence on the yield. When the leaves of the plants appear wilting around noon, they should be timely. Watering. In the late growth stage (full fruiting period), it should be timely and lightly watered to prevent premature senescence and aflatoxin infection. Irrigation should not be carried out in the high temperature period or excessively, resulting in water accumulation in the field, otherwise it will easily cause rotten fruit, and it is not suitable to directly irrigate with low temperature well water. In the south or in areas with more rainfall, it is necessary to have three communication channels to prevent waterlogging. Linyi Fertilizer Network Copyright
First, timely release of seedlings and branches. When covering the surface of the peanut film, when the cotyledonary node rises to the membrane surface, the soil above the seeding line is spread to both sides of the plant line in time, and the remaining soil is removed to the furrow. Seedlings that are not covered with soil on the membrane cannot be automatically ruptured and unearthed. It is necessary to artificially rupture the membrane to release the seedlings and minimize the membrane pores. Beginning with the sapling stage (four main leaves of the main stem), timely check and pull out the lateral lateral branches buried under the membrane to make it robust and develop, and need to carry out 2-3 times before the flowering. The second is timely tillage and weeding. The peas shall be cultivated in the 3-5 days after harvesting, and the grass shall be irrigated with 50% acetochlor EC 120-45 kg and 40-45 kg per acre. The ground planted peanuts were planted with soil and sprayed with acetochlor. When the peanuts are close to the ridge, the soil is cut through the two rows of peanuts, and the soil is cultivated to make the ditch clear, the soil ridge, the ridge waist fat, and the ridge top concave, which is conducive to the fruit needle into the soil. The third is reasonable chemical control. When the plant grows to 30-35 cm, the growth of the field is controlled by paclobutrazol, uniconazole and other growth regulators. It should be applied strictly according to the instructions for use of the regulator, before 10 am or after 3 pm. Foliar application. If the spray is too small, it will not be able to control the effect. If the spray is too much, the leaves of the plant will prematurely decay and the yield will be reduced. Linyi Fertilizer Network Copyright
The main diseases in the northeast flower production area are leaf spot disease and net spot disease. In recent years, scab disease has become one of the new epidemic diseases in Liaoning and western Jilin. The main pests and diseases in Huanghuahua flower production area are rhizome rot, leaf spot disease and net spot disease. Harmony; the main diseases of peanuts in the Yangtze River Basin are leaf spot and bacterial wilt. In recent years, scab disease has also occurred; the main diseases in southern flower production areas are leaf spot, bacterial wilt, rust and scab. Prevention and treatment points: Leaf spot and net spot disease can be sprayed 32.5% Ami (75% azoxystrobin + 12.5% ​​difenoconazole) 2000 times liquid or Baitai (60%) after about 75-80 days after sowing. % pyraclostrobin · Daisenlian) 600 times solution, even spray 2-3 times, spray once every 10-15 days, spray 30 kg of liquid. The scab disease can be sprayed with 10% Shigao (difenoconazole) 1000 times solution or 70% methyl thiophanate 1000 times solution at the initial flowering stage, and sprayed twice, every 7-10 days. For the control of bacterial wilt and rust, it is best to use high-resistant peanut varieties. Linyi Fertilizer Network Copyright
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June 24, 2020