Reasonable application of phosphate fertilizer in vegetables, high yield and good quality. How to rationally apply phosphate fertilizer to vegetables?
First, according to the law of phosphorus demand for vegetables, determine the best fertilization period and dosage. Vegetable seedling stage is the critical period of phosphorus requirement. If the seedling stage is deficient in phosphorus, the plant is small, the growth is slow, the root system is not developed, and the tip of the leaf is purple-red, and the seedling is reduced. Therefore, when planting, the phosphate fertilizer should be applied as a seed fertilizer or a base fertilizer. Fertilizers generally apply 15-20 kg of calcium phosphate or 25-40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate. When the base fertilizer is applied, the dosage can be appropriately increased. The vegetable formation period is the second critical period of phosphorus demand, which requires the most phosphorus. If phosphorus is undernourished, it will seriously affect the yield of vegetables. Foliar spray can be carried out with 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 2%-3% calcium superphosphate leaching solution.
Secondly, the application method should be mastered according to the type of phosphate fertilizer. Commonly used phosphate fertilizers are superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizers are alkaline and have a good application effect in acidic soils. It is insoluble in water and should not be used as a top dressing. It can be used as a base fertilizer or a seed fertilizer after composting organic fertilizers such as manure and fertilizer, and the effect is better. Calcium fresh phosphate fertilizer has a long-lasting effect and can remain 70%-80% in the soil. Therefore, on the ground of vegetable and leafy vegetables, it should be applied lightly after the previous application. Superphosphate is an acidic water-soluble phosphate fertilizer. It can be used as a base fertilizer, a seed fertilizer, or as a root dressing. Its activity is small. In the acid and over-alkaline soil, it is easy to produce chemical fixation of phosphorus. It must be applied by strip application, point application or deep application; it is best to apply it near the vegetable root to improve the effectiveness of phosphorus. Vegetables can be absorbed early.
Then, choose the right variety and soil. Root vegetables of cruciferae, vegetables such as broccoli, legumes, Solanaceae, etc.; Phosphate fertilizer application on phosphorus-deficient vegetable land is very effective. Due to long-term partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, the proportion of soil nitrogen and phosphorus is imbalanced. Phosphate fertilizer is applied and phosphorus is promoted by nitrogen. The effect is also obvious. Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and phosphate rock powder should be applied to acidic or acidic soil. It is preferred to apply the superphosphate on neutral and slightly acidic soils.
Also, phosphate fertilizer should not be applied alone. Nitrogen, potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer should be added during application. Generally, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus is 3:1 or 2:1. Phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer mixed stack application, the utilization rate can be increased by 10% - 30%.
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