Rotary Rings are a type of rotating seal widely used in various rotating equipment, such as rotary joints, rotary couplings, rotary connectors, etc. Its main function is to prevent liquid or gas leakage and maintain the normal operation of the equipment. In different applications, the material, structure, sealing method, size, etc. of Rotary Rings vary to adapt to different working conditions.
The materials of Rotary Rings are mainly divided into two categories: metallic and non-metallic.
Metal materials mainly include stainless steel, steel, copper, aluminum, etc., which have characteristics of high strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and are suitable for rotary seals in harsh environments such as high temperature, high pressure, and high-speed.
Non metallic materials mainly include ceramics, silicon carbide, graphite, etc., which have characteristics such as high hardness, high wear resistance, and low friction coefficient. They are suitable for rotary seals under conditions such as low temperature, low pressure, and high speed.
The Rotary Rings with a unidirectional rotation structure can only rotate in one direction and are suitable for devices with only unidirectional rotation.
The Rotary Rings with a bidirectional rotation structure can rotate in two directions, suitable for devices that require bidirectional rotation.
The Rotary Rings with a rotating stationary structure are composed of a rotating ring and a stationary ring. The rotating ring contacts the stationary ring during rotation to achieve sealing, suitable for equipment that requires a rotating stationary seal.
The sealing methods of Rotary Rings are mainly divided into mechanical sealing and liquid sealing.
Mechanical sealing is achieved through the contact surface between the rotating ring and the stationary ring, which has the characteristics of high reliability, long service life, and simple maintenance. It is suitable for rotary sealing in harsh environments such as high speed, high temperature, and high pressure.
Liquid sealing is achieved by injecting liquid between the rotating ring and the stationary ring, which has the characteristics of good sealing performance, low friction coefficient, and preventing dry friction. It is suitable for rotary sealing under low speed, low temperature, low pressure, and other conditions.
The size of Rotary Rings is mainly determined by the equipment requirements, including inner diameter, outer diameter, thickness, shaft diameter, etc.
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The structure of Rotary Rings is mainly divided into three types: unidirectional rotation, bidirectional rotation, and rotational stationary.
1. Unidirectional rotating structure
In the past decade, welding technology has experienced significant advancements across various manufacturing sectors in China. The overall level of welding is largely determined by the quality of welding equipment and materials. As the industry moves toward high-end equipment and premium welding materials, further attention must be given to their development. A key trend in large-scale equipment is the shift toward integration and lightweight design. High-energy beam welding and solid-state welding technologies are particularly advantageous in this context, and they are expected to see rapid growth in the future.
Currently, research is ongoing into advanced steel joining techniques, such as low-temperature brazing of thin, high-strength steel, detachable mechanical connections, friction stir welding, and ultra-narrow gap pulsed gas metal arc welding. As new generations of high-strength steel with tensile strengths ranging from 800 to 1500 MPa become more widely adopted, major changes in welding methods will follow. For example, low-alloy high-strength steel welding is still primarily done using SMAW, GMAW, SAW, and ESW. However, foreign countries have already made progress by improving manufacturing processes through TMCP (Thermo-Mechanical Control Process) combined with microalloy design, resulting in finer grain structures, lower crack sensitivity, and higher heat-affected zone toughness.
With the advancement of high-strength steel, several trends are shaping the future of welding technology:
1. **High-efficiency welding methods** remain dominant, including multi-wire submerged arc welding, multi-wire gas shielded welding, and electroslag welding. These techniques can handle heat inputs up to 1000 kJ/cm, offering both efficiency and better control over the thermal cycle in the weld zone.
2. **Development of compatible welding materials** is crucial for the widespread use of high-strength steels. New microalloyed welding materials are needed to ensure cost-effectiveness and performance. This includes wires designed for high-heat input applications, low-splashing GMAW wires, and fluxes that match high-efficiency multi-wire SAW systems.
3. **Improvement of welding standards** is necessary. While material standards for steel structures have improved, welding material standards have lagged behind, failing to meet industrial demands. Learning from international best practices, standards should be reorganized and subdivided based on material types and applications to make them more user-friendly.
4. **New welding technologies** are emerging alongside the adoption of microalloyed high-strength steels and large heat input methods. Issues like HAZ softening are now being studied, requiring focused efforts on process optimization, strength matching, and precise heat input control.
5. **Intelligent welding systems** are becoming essential. With increasing automation, especially in less demanding environments, robotic solutions are becoming more common. Intelligent control and real-time tracking technologies are also vital. Cross-industry collaboration is expected to open up new opportunities in the welding sector.
For more detailed information, please refer to the attached document or the 18th issue of *Metalworking Thermal Processing*.