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According to the "National Resource-Based City Sustainable Development Plan (2013–2020)" released by Xinhua News Agency on the 3rd, the development goals for 262 resource-based cities across China have been officially outlined for the first time. This comprehensive plan sets clear targets in areas such as resource security, economic growth, improvement of living standards, and environmental protection. The initiative aims to ensure long-term sustainability and promote balanced development in regions that rely heavily on natural resources.
By 2020, the plan aims to resolve the historical challenges faced by resource-exhausted cities, significantly improve their capacity for sustainable development, and complete the transformation process. To achieve this, the plan categorizes resource-based cities into four types: growth, maturity, decline, and regeneration. This classification helps tailor strategies based on each city's resource availability and development potential.
The development principles emphasize "classification guidance, characteristic development; orderly and coordinated progress; optimized structure, balanced growth; people-centered, harmonious development." These guiding values aim to ensure that each city follows a path suited to its unique conditions while contributing to national sustainability efforts.
In Henan Province, 15 cities are identified as resource-based cities. These include Sanmenxia, Luoyang, Jiaozuo, Hebi, Fuyang, Pingdingshan, Nanyang, Dengfeng, Xinmi, Gongyi, Lingbao, Yongcheng, Zhangzhou, and Anyang County. Their inclusion highlights the importance of regional planning and support in promoting sustainable urban development.
Promoting the sustainable development of resource-based cities is a key strategic challenge in China’s modernization process and a global concern. Since 2001, when the State Council initiated the first pilot project for economic transformation in Fuxin City, Liaoning, the government has identified 69 resource-exhausted cities in three phases. This experience has informed the current plan, which now defines 262 resource-based cities nationwide.
The plan focuses on five main tasks: improving resource utilization, building a diversified industrial system, enhancing livelihoods, strengthening environmental governance, and boosting institutional support. By 2020, it aims to establish a coordinated pattern of economic, social, and environmental development, along with long-term mechanisms such as resource compensation, benefit sharing, and support for alternative industries.
To support these goals, the plan calls for increased central financial transfers and budget allocations for resource-exhausted cities. It also emphasizes the need for better policy frameworks, including guidelines for city classification, evaluation methods for sustainable development, and improved data collection systems.
Finally, the plan urges provincial governments to take full responsibility for implementing these measures and ensures that relevant departments at the national level provide active support. All resource-based cities are encouraged to develop detailed implementation plans to ensure the successful execution of the national strategy.