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Infrared cameras have become widely used across various fields such as video surveillance, home monitoring, and commercial applications. Their versatility makes them an essential tool in numerous industries. Not only do they offer great convenience in everyday life, but they also play a crucial role in enhancing public safety and security. So, how exactly do infrared surveillance cameras work?
An infrared surveillance camera is a complete system that combines a camera, protective housing, infrared LEDs, power supply, and cooling components into one unit. The core principle behind night vision is the ability of standard CCD black-and-white cameras to detect infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye. In low-light or no-light conditions, these cameras rely on infrared light as a "light source" to capture clear images. Key factors that determine the performance of an infrared camera include the power and angle of the infrared LEDs, the camera's configuration, the focal length of the infrared lens, and the quality of the power supply and heat management system.
Traditionally, visible light illumination was used for night vision, but this approach has several drawbacks. It can be easily detected by the subject being monitored, making it less effective and less discreet. As a result, modern night vision systems now favor hidden and more advanced techniques, such as infrared dome cameras.
Infrared camera technology can be broadly categorized into two types: passive and active. Passive infrared cameras detect the natural infrared radiation emitted by objects, which is present in all matter above absolute zero (-273°C). The hotter the object, the more infrared radiation it emits. These cameras are commonly known as thermal imaging cameras, but they are typically expensive and mainly used in military or specialized applications.
On the other hand, active infrared cameras use infrared light as a controlled "illumination source." These cameras then detect the reflected infrared light from the environment to produce images in the dark. This technology is well-established, reliable, and cost-effective, making it the most widely used solution for night vision surveillance today.
Most modern night vision cameras are based on active infrared technology. This is due to its maturity, stability, and excellent cost-performance ratio, which make it suitable for a wide range of users. Additionally, these systems are relatively easy to install and operate, further contributing to their popularity in both residential and commercial settings.