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What are the common pesticide cross-use patterns in facility agriculture? Experts have identified several typical methods through which farmers apply different types of pesticides. These practices aim to improve efficiency, reduce resistance, and ensure effective pest control. Here are four commonly used pesticide cross-use strategies:
1. **Cross-use of bio-source, mineral-source, and organic synthetic pesticides**: Farmers often switch between different categories of pesticides based on the crop and pest situation. For example, in cabbage cultivation, Bt emulsion, fish vine essence, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and trichlorfon can be used interchangeably depending on the specific pest pressure and environmental conditions.
2. **Combining protectant and systemic agents**: This method involves using different types of pesticides before and after a disease outbreak. For instance, when dealing with downy mildew in vegetables, protectants may be applied before symptoms appear, while systemic fungicides are used once the disease is detected to provide more targeted control.
3. **Spray and fumigation integration**: In greenhouse or plastic shed environments, where sealing is good, farmers can combine traditional spray methods with fumigants. This allows for more comprehensive coverage and better control of pests and diseases that are difficult to reach through spraying alone.
4. **Other cross-application techniques**: This includes combining foliar treatments with soil applications, or using insecticides without ovicidal activity alongside ovicides. Such combinations help target multiple stages of pest development and enhance overall effectiveness.
Proper mixing of pesticides can save time and labor, while also achieving synergistic effects and delaying the development of pesticide resistance. However, it's important to follow safe and effective mixing guidelines.
Zou Zhirong, an agricultural expert, reminds farmers that any pesticide mixture should not alter the original physical or chemical properties of the products. The effectiveness of each pesticide should remain unaffected or even enhanced. It’s crucial to avoid mixing biological pesticides with chemical fungicides, as well as organophosphorus or pyrethroid insecticides with dithiocarbamate fungicides. Additionally, alkaline pesticides should not be mixed with certain other chemicals, and some pesticides simply cannot be combined due to compatibility issues.
By understanding these cross-use patterns and following proper mixing rules, growers can make more informed decisions and improve their pest management strategies in facility agriculture.