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What are the common pesticide cross-use patterns in facility agriculture? Experts have identified four major modes of pesticide crossover that farmers often adopt to manage pests and diseases effectively.
First, there is the cross-use of bio-source, mineral-source, and organic synthetic pesticides. For example, in cabbage cultivation, farmers may switch between Bt emulsion, fish vine essence, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and trichlorfon depending on the situation. This practice helps reduce resistance development and improves pest control efficiency.
Second, there's the cross-use of protectant and systemic agents. In cases like downy mildew in vegetables, different types of pesticides are used before and after the disease appears. Protectants are applied preventatively, while systemic agents are used once the infection has started, ensuring more effective control.
Third, the combination of spraying and fumigation is another common approach. Greenhouses and plastic sheds offer good sealing conditions, making fumigants an effective tool. Farmers can alternate between regular spray applications and fumigation methods, which is especially useful for controlling pests and diseases in enclosed environments.
Fourth, there are other forms of cross-medication, such as combining foliar treatments with soil treatments, or using insecticides without ovicidal properties alongside ovicides. These combinations help target different stages of pest life cycles and improve overall effectiveness.
Proper mixing of pesticides can save time and labor, while also achieving synergistic effects and delaying the development of pesticide resistance. However, it's crucial to follow proper guidelines when mixing.
Zou Zhirong, an agricultural expert, reminds farmers that pesticide mixtures should not damage the original physical and chemical properties of the products. The efficacy of each pesticide should remain unaffected, and they should not interfere with each other. It's important to note that biological pesticides should not be mixed with chemical fungicides. Similarly, organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides, along with dithiocarbamate fungicides, should not be combined with alkaline pesticides. In general, mixing incompatible pesticides can lead to reduced effectiveness or even crop damage.
By understanding these cross-use patterns and following safe mixing practices, farmers can optimize their pest management strategies and ensure both productivity and environmental safety.
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