According to the data, each 100 kg of corn stover contains 0.96 kg of nitrogen, 0.72 kg of phosphorus and 3.28 kg of potassium. 10,000 kg of corn stalk is equivalent to 141 kg of ammonium nitrate, 238 kg of superphosphate, and 342 kg of potassium sulfate. Practice has proved that the application of corn straw fertilizer can not only increase the organic matter content in the soil, but also enhance the soil resistance, increase the yield, reduce the production cost and increase the farmers' economic income. Therefore, in places where there are more corn stalks, it is necessary to vigorously promote the accumulation of straw fertilizer to make up for the shortcomings of the current shortage of farmyard manure. In order to ensure the quality of corn straw fertilizer, the following seven points should be noted in the stacking process.
First, choose a composting location. In the long winter, the temperature has been very low. In order to speed up the fermentation of straw, it is best to choose the place where the leeward is sunny. At the same time, the shovel should be placed around the site, which can improve the temperature of the environment and Prevent the scourge of livestock and pigs and ensure the quality of straw fertilizer.
Second, do a good job of corn stalk treatment. First of all, the corn stalk should be cut into 3-4 cm with a mower or a sickle. It can also be pulverized with a pulverizer, but it should not be crushed. Then it should be soaked with human waste or diluted livestock and poultry soup to soak it. .
Third, the ratio of raw materials should be appropriate. It is very important to make a good corn stalk fertilizer to improve its fertilizer efficiency. The method is: 7 pieces of corn stalks having a length of about 3 cm, 2 pieces of livestock manure, 1 part of human excrement; or chopped corn stalks, soil, livestock manure, human excrement, and the preparation ratio is 6: 1:2:1; or 500 kg of chopped corn stalks, 100 kilograms of glutinous rice, 100 kilograms of soil, 200 kilograms of livestock manure, 100 kilograms of human excrement and mixing, and then composting. Regardless of the method used, the ratio of straw to water should be 1:3.
Fourth, choose the appropriate method of stacking. After the prepared raw materials are thoroughly poured with a sufficient amount of water and mixed uniformly, they are piled on the flat ground or on the dung heap. If the temperature is above 0 °C, the hot water can be used for temperature induction. When the temperature is lower than 0 °C, the ignition temperature should be ignited. . First, pile up a horse manure on the pile bottom soil, smash a pit in the middle of the horse manure, put some dry wood in the pit to ignite, and then press on a grid or straw about 20 cm, and then cover the horse with a layer of horse after smoking. Feces, when the smog or hot air is everywhere in the pile, add the ingredients that have been mixed around the pile. Do not add too much at a time, where to add hoarfrost, where to add material, not frost can not add material. At the same time, it is necessary to pile up a large pile, to accelerate the fermentation speed with heat preservation, the pile height should generally be about 1.5 meters.
5. Strictly control the temperature inside the reactor. Generally, fever starts around 7 days after the heap, and high temperatures will appear soon. The temperature should be controlled at 50-60 ° C during fermentation, which is most beneficial for the decomposition of microbial bacteria activity. If the temperature exceeds 70 ° C, this bacterial activity will stop. Therefore, in the process of stacking, the corn stalk must first be immersed in sufficient water, which can soften the straw tissue, facilitate the immersion of microorganisms for decomposition, and some nutrients must be dissolved in the water to be absorbed and utilized by microorganisms. Fermentation speed of straw. Of course, it is also necessary to prevent the temperature from being too low, and when it is too low, the fermentation time will be delayed. After the snowfall, it is necessary to timely remove the snow on the pile to prevent the surface of the pile from freezing and reduce the temperature inside the pile.
6. Create conditions for microbial activities. The maturity process of corn straw fertilizer is the process of microbial decomposition of organic matter. The speed of straw maturity is directly related to the microbial activity of straw. Therefore, in the process of stacking, it is necessary to properly add some human excrement or ammonium bicarbonate to increase the ratio of carbon to ammonia and promote the decomposition of microorganisms; second, it should be dumped once every 10 days after the heap, every 7 days. Once again, you can pour 3-4 times. The main function of the overturning is to mix the raw materials evenly, to be consistent with heat and to circulate the air, to ensure that the aerobic microbial activity is fast, to promote the straw rot and to shorten the rot time.
7. Adjust the acidity in the heap in time. The microorganisms in the heap are suitable for activity under neutral and slightly alkaline conditions. When the acidity is too large, a small amount of lime or grass ash may be added to neutralize the acidity in the heap to maintain a good living environment for microbial activities. . The corn stalk fertilizer thus piled up can reach the quality standard of black, rotten and odor after about 25-30 days.
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