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Turquoise, also known as "Turkish Jade," is a popular gemstone with a striking blue-green color. This mineral is composed of copper and aluminum phosphate, which gives it its characteristic opaque azure blue hue. However, turquoise can also come in various other shades, such as light blue, blue-green, green, yellow-green, gray-green, and even pale tones. On the Mohs scale, turquoise typically has a hardness of 5 to 6, making it relatively soft compared to other gemstones.
Under ultraviolet light, turquoise often exhibits a greenish or bluish fluorescence, adding to its unique beauty. The color and texture of turquoise can vary significantly due to its natural formation process. Some pieces may contain light streaks or spots, and the degree of compactness can differ greatly. The densest varieties can resemble glazed porcelain when polished, earning them the name "porcelain turquoise."
One of the main challenges with turquoise is its sensitivity to heat and strong acids. Exposure to high temperatures can cause fading, while contact with acidic substances may lead to discoloration. Therefore, proper care is essential for collectors to preserve the gem's vibrant appearance.
Turquoise also has a porous structure, which makes it prone to absorbing external substances like oils, sweat, and tea stains. These can become embedded in the pores and are difficult to remove. As a result, it’s important to store turquoise in a clean, dry environment and avoid exposing it to harsh chemicals.
When wearing turquoise jewelry, it's best to keep it away from cosmetics, perfumes, and other chemical products that could potentially damage the stone. Additionally, when testing the density of turquoise, avoid using heavy liquids like tribromomethane or diiodomethane, as they can cause discoloration.
Turquoise is delicate and should be handled with care during wear, storage, and handling. It is not recommended to expose it to direct sunlight or high heat, as this can cause fading or cracking. Due to its low hardness and brittleness, it should also be protected from impacts with hard objects.
In summary, with proper care—keeping it clean, avoiding high temperatures, strong acids, and physical shocks—turquoise can maintain its beautiful color and natural luster for many years. Whether worn as jewelry or collected as an ornamental piece, turquoise remains a cherished and elegant gemstone.