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Apple micro-cracking is a common issue that occurs after the fruit is removed from its protective bag. This phenomenon can be categorized into two main situations: first, when the fruit becomes wrinkled while still in the bag, and once the bag is removed, the damage becomes more severe; second, when no immediate issues are observed upon removing the bag, but micro-cracking and wrinkling appear shortly after the fruit begins to color, often leading to softness and reduced quality.
The primary cause of this problem lies in the temperature conditions during the early and mid-growth stages of the apple. During the day, the temperature inside the bag can often exceed 50°C, which is significantly higher than the ideal range of 35–45°C under normal conditions. The short duration of the first fruit expansion period leads to early growth cessation. As a result, the fruit's skin inside the bag becomes thin and tender. Once the bag is removed, if the tree receives sufficient water, the fruit may experience a rapid secondary expansion. However, the rapid division of flesh cells compared to the slower division of pericarp cells creates an imbalance, causing micro-cracks on the surface. These cracks allow the fruit to lose moisture, leading to shrinkage and softening. Additionally, calcium deficiency in the fruit can also contribute to this issue.
To prevent wrinkling and micro-cracking in bagged apples, several measures can be taken:
1. After experiencing high temperatures and drought during the flowering stage, it is advisable to spray water intermittently in the evening—before and after sunset—until the leaves show signs of dripping. Adding 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or calcium amino acid to the water can enhance the effectiveness of the irrigation.
2. Spraying a 2% solution of amino acid calcium during the first and second fruit expansion periods can improve fruit quality. Evening application is particularly effective for better absorption.
3. Applying naphthalene acetic acid once during the early and mid-stages of the second fruit expansion can help regulate growth and reduce the risk of cracking.
4. During the coloring period, it is important to remove some leaves and turn the fruits to ensure even exposure to sunlight, which helps in achieving uniform ripening and reduces stress on the fruit.
By implementing these practices, growers can effectively minimize the occurrence of micro-cracking and maintain the quality of their apples. Proper care and timely interventions play a crucial role in ensuring healthy and high-quality fruit production.