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1. Measured in meters (m), centimeters (cm) and cubic meters (m3) in international units.
1 Long inspection quantity: The length of the log is measured at the shortest distance between the ends of the head and the head.
2 Diameter measurement: Through the center of the small head section, the first measurement of the short diameter, and then take the long diameter through the short-axis center vertical measurement, without the skin check amount, such as the short diameter less than 26cm, the difference between its long and short diameter 2cm or short diameter 26cm In the above, if the difference between the long and short diameters is more than 4cm, the average length of the long and short diameters shall be taken as the inspection size. The difference between the long and short diameters is less than the above-mentioned requirements, and the trails are taken as the inspection trails after the short-term trails (see GB 144-95 "Log Inspection, Dimensional Inspection").
3 original timber volume calculation:
A) The original timber volume of the trail from 4 to 12 cm in diameter is determined by the formula V = 0.7854L (D + 0.45L + 0.2) 2 ÷ 1000;
B) The original wood product with a gauge diameter of more than 14 cm is determined by the formula V = 0.7854L [D + 0.5L + 0.005L 2 + 0.000125L (14-L) · (D-10)] 2 ÷ 10000.
In the formula: V—volume product (m 3 ); L—gauge length (m); D—gauge diameter (cm). See GB4814-84 "Original timber volume table."
This method is applicable to logs as stipulated in export and partial import contracts.
2. Measured in meters (m), centimeters (cm) and cubic meters (m3) in international units.
1 Long inspection quantity: The distance must be measured at the shortest distance between the end of the head and the length of the material. See Dream Rock 2292-88 "Raw Wood and Calling, Classification and Acceptance Rules";
2 Diameter measurement: Measure the average value of the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter passing through the center of the small head (without vertical), and check the peeling volume.
See the dream rock 2292-88 "Raw logs and marking number, classification and acceptance rules"; 3 volume calculation: from Mengyan 2708-75 "original volume table" after checking the single product calculation. This method is suitable for importing Russian and Mongolian logs.
3. Measured in inches, inches and board feet in imperial units.
1 Long inspection quantity: Check the shortest side of both ends of the log. When one or both ends of a log are broken or damaged, the two nearest points on one or both ends of the diameter of the logs should be checked. See the "U.S. Rules for the Inspection and Evaluation of Logs in the United States" (January 1, 1982); 2 Diameter Measurements: The log diameters are passed through the center of the section with small heads, intersecting each other vertically, and the average of major and minor diameters is measured. For checking the size of the foot, no inspection is performed. See the "U.S. Rules for the Inspection and Evaluation of Logs in the United States" (January 1, 1982); 3 Calculation of volume: Use the Scribno volume table (revised on July 1, 1972).
Volume formula: V = A × L ÷ 12 inches / foot °
In the formula: V - volume (plate feet): A - area of ​​the plate pattern drawn in the small cross-section (in. square inches); L - length of the material (feet); 12 inches/feet - conversion factor. This method is suitable for the import of logs from the United States and Canada.
4. Measured in meters (m), centimeters (cm), and cubic meters (m3) in international units.
1 long material inspection quantity: along the axis of the round material, check the distance between the two ends of the round material;
2 Diameter check: Using wood special scales, check the big head circumference and small head circumference of the logs at both ends and centimeters of the log, and take the mean value as the inspection footpath without entering. The amount of skin examination.
Check the diameter of the formula: D = (d 1 + d 2) ÷ 2.
In the formula: D-diameter; d 1 - diameter of log head; d 2 - diameter of log head; 3 volume calculation: "William Klemm" original timber volume table, formula: V = 4 ÷ л × D 2 ×L×(1÷10000) or V=0.7854D 2 L÷1000
In the formula: V—volume product (m 3 ); D—check-gauge diameter (cm); L—gauge length (m); л-pi (3.1416). This method is suitable for importing logs from Malaysia (Sabah).
5. Measured in meters (m), centimeters (cm) and cubic meters (m3) in international units.
1 Long material inspection quantity: The length of the material is the axis of the round timber, and the shortest distance between the two ends of the log is checked;
2 Diameter check: In the center of the actual material length of the log, use a special enclosing ruler for wood to measure the central diameter, without skin;
3 Volume calculation: The original timber volume table established by the Sarawak Forest Department was used to determine the volume calculation formula and the “4.3.3†item “William Kremy†original volume calculation formula. This method is suitable for importing logs from Malaysia (Sarawak).
6. Measured in meters (m), centimeters (cm) and cubic meters (m3) in international units.
1 Long material inspection quantity: Check the shortest distance between the two ends of the section parallel to the axis (for example, check the quantity of bent logs to check the amount of bends).
2Diameter check: Measure the major and minor diameters of the cross-section of the head of the log (first pass the shortest diameter of the center of the section, and then measure the length of the short axis by its vertical length), then take the average value, and then calculate the average value of the head Addition divided by 2 is the log inspection trail.
3 Volume calculation: The calculation formula of “BRERETON†volume is used, which is the same as the calculation formula of “William Kleimi†volume. See "Indonesian hard wood classification scale regulations". This method is applicable to imported Indonesia, New Zealand logs.
Quality standards and inspection methods: The quality standards and inspection methods for logs in various countries vary widely and are mainly divided into two categories:
(1) Hierarchical quality: The various defects existing in the logs themselves are classified according to the different types of defects, the size of the defects and the severity of the defects, and are generally divided into three to five grades. Countries using grades and quality standards have China, Russia and other countries. Quality standards and inspection methods are generally divided into ten categories: Jijie, discoloration, decay, pests, cracks, trunk shape defects, wood structural defects, scars (damage), wood processing defects, deformation defects.
(2) Quality of the buckle: The quality defects of the different types of logs are determined by the size of the defects and the severity of the defects is deducted from the length or diameter of the original timber. The final volume of each log after deducting the defect size is net. Volume, individual serious defects can also be combined to reduce the quality level, the use of defective buckle quality countries are the United States, Canada and other countries.
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Import and export of wood inspection methods and units of measurement