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With the rapid growth of China's automobile industry, the environmental impact caused by vehicle exhaust has become increasingly severe. In response, the government has implemented strict emission regulations. In the diesel engine sector, manufacturers are continuously adopting advanced technologies to enhance performance, improve fuel efficiency, and reduce emissions. Electronic control systems have become central to these innovations. These systems use a variety of sensors to monitor engine conditions and process data quickly, enabling precise control over fuel injection timing, amount, and pressure in the high-pressure fuel rail. This ensures optimal fuel metering and combustion. Focusing on the structural characteristics of the Cummins L Series electronically controlled diesel engine, this article outlines key precautions and effective troubleshooting methods for diagnosing and resolving issues with such engines.
**Cummins L Series Electronically Controlled Diesel Engine**
The Cummins L Series electronically controlled diesel engine is specifically designed for the Chinese market, offering a rated power range from 206 kW to 294 kW and a maximum torque range between 1100 N·m and 1700 N·m. It features the Cummins CCR high-pressure common rail fuel system, operating at an injection pressure of 160 MPa. The injectors are equipped with Bosch electronic injectors that support multiple injection events, while the turbocharger uses the Cummins HX40W model with a wastegate. The engine's electronic control module is based on the Motorola CM2150 platform. Through optimized combustion technology, the high-pressure common rail system, and the SCR after-treatment system, the engine meets national IV or V emission standards. It can also be configured to meet national III requirements upon request. Additional noise reduction techniques ensure that the overall noise level remains below 95 dB(A). The engine supports constant speed control, remote throttle control, and includes protective functions such as cold start assistance, intake preheating, and altitude power correction. It is widely used in luxury buses, urban BRT systems, tractors, trucks, and special vehicles.
**Usage Guidelines**
Before servicing the L Series electronically controlled diesel engine, technicians must hold the appropriate service certification and fully understand its mechanical structure, working principles, and maintenance procedures. Proper operation and use of the L Series engine should follow these guidelines:
1) When powering on, first turn on the vehicle’s main switch, then turn the key to the ignition position. When turning off, first set the key to "OFF," wait 30 seconds, and then disconnect the main power. If this sequence is not followed, fault code 1117 may appear, potentially damaging stored data or programs in the ECU.
2) Never remove or install connectors of the ECU, sensors, or actuators while the ECU is active (i.e., when the key is in the "ON" position). These components are sensitive and can be damaged by voltage spikes during disconnection or connection due to inductive effects.
3) When welding on a vehicle equipped with an L Series engine, all ECU connectors must be removed, and the main switch must be disconnected. Welding while the ECU is powered can cause serious damage, including failure of the power module and other critical components.
4) Avoid directly washing the engine with water. Instead, use a damp cloth or compressed air to clean the electronic control section. Water under pressure can penetrate seals and cause internal damage, leading to signal distortion or operational failure.
5) All ECU connectors should only be connected after the battery terminals are properly attached. This prevents accidental damage during installation or modification.
6) Before installing any connectors, check for dirt, moisture, rust, or damage. Ensure they are securely fastened and the locking tabs are properly engaged. Improper installation can lead to ECU failure.
7) Take precautions against electromagnetic interference. The ECU housing has a grounding wire that must be properly connected to the cylinder block. Failure to ground it can result in static buildup and erratic engine behavior. Use shielded cables and twisted pairs for the throttle and injector circuits as specified in the electrical installation manual.
8) The fuel system requires high cleanliness. Contaminants like dust, water, or dirt can damage the high-pressure pump and injectors. During maintenance, clean the surrounding area before opening any joints. If a joint is left open, cover it with a special plug. After the engine is turned off, wait 10 minutes before removing high-pressure fuel connections, as the system remains pressurized. Never release pressure from a hot engine.