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The vertical machining center of this exhibition is still based on the traditional cross slide structure, and there are also many gantry vertical machining centers and other structural forms, some of which are equipped with basket type A and C axes, and some Lijia. A yaw milling head, a rotary table, etc. are arranged, and the ordinary three-axis vertical addition is turned into a five-axis linkage machining center. In short, under the current downward pressure on the economy, all enterprises have gradually developed a series of processing center products on the basis of the original addition, in order to diversify.
I. Overview of the machining center and its advantages and disadvantages
The vertical machining center can complete milling, boring, drilling, tapping and thread cutting. It is the best combination of high efficiency, high speed, automation technology and numerical control technology. It is the perfect combination of high performance and economy. Among them, the machining center with the spindle axis and the worktable is vertical, the structure is mostly fixed column, the worktable is rectangular, and there is no indexing rotation function, which is suitable for processing discs, sleeves and plate parts. Such machine tools generally have three linear motions. A coordinate axis and a rotary table that rotates along the horizontal axis can be mounted on the table to machine spiral parts.
The vertical machining center can be divided into hard rail and line rail according to different forms of each rail guide. Hard rail is suitable for heavy cutting, and the rail movement is more sensitive. According to the rotation speed, it can be divided into 6000-15000r/min low speed type and 18000r/min high speed. Type; according to the bed structure can be divided into C type and gantry type.
Disadvantages: It is not possible to process parts that are too high. When machining a cavity or a concave profile, the chips are not easily discharged. In severe cases, the tool will be damaged, the processed surface will be damaged, and the processing will be affected smoothly.
Advantages: easy to clamp and position; easy to observe the path of the cutting tool; easy to debug the program, check and measure; the cutting fluid can directly reach the tool and the machining surface; the three coordinate axes are in line with the Cartesian coordinate system; the sense is direct; the chip is easy to exclude and Dropped to avoid scratching the surface of the workpiece; compared with the horizontal machining center, the structure is simple, the footprint is small, and the price is cheap.
Second, the gap between domestic and foreign processing center products
The vertical machining center is the most common CNC machine tool with many brands. It can be seen from the number of vertical machining centers that participated in this exhibition. Then, what are the gaps in our domestic processing centers? The following is an example of what I have observed this time.
The advanced machine tools mainly come from overseas exhibitors, such as: Demaggio, Germany Julang, Japan Yuanzhou Co., Ltd., Japan Daxie, American Harding, etc. These manufacturers have been ranked in the forefront of the world machine tool sales list for many years. Ordinary small and medium batch production, control and in place, good quality, only used to produce high-margin products. Its promotion is large, its market share is high, and it is specially solved for difficult machining problems, and these manufacturers are leading the way in science and technology. At present, natural or artificial marble bed technology, bed thermostat technology, linear motor drive, ball screw center cooling, center of gravity drive, ultra-fast tool change mechanism, high-speed electric spindle and other advanced technologies are the first to apply. Moreover, these manufacturers have the world's most advanced CNC system in the country, with advanced control system, high precision, stable and reliable.
At present, the development of vertical machining centers in domestic enterprises is generally carried out independently. The numerical control system and key functional components are mainly supported by overseas. The complete set of basic parts is completed by domestic professional manufacturers, and some of them are completed by the manufacturing enterprises themselves. Both online commissioning and operational testing are performed by the manufacturing company. Therefore, the most important functional components and numerical control systems are in the hands of others. Although we have some enterprises that can produce CNC systems and key functional components, there are certain gaps in precision, control and stability. When our domestic vertical machining centers are positioned in the market, they cannot compete with foreign-funded enterprises in the high-end fields. In the end, they can only take the medium and small-end routes. These machines have low profit and high after-sales costs. With the rising labor costs, The pressure on domestic enterprises has increased sharply, and the ability to innovate has declined year by year.
Although domestic machine tool enterprises cannot compete with foreign-funded enterprises in the high-end field, the products still have the advantage of price and quantity, and can adapt to the harsh production environment, so they can be accepted by ordinary mechanical users. However, China is currently in a stage of rapid development, with many small and medium-sized enterprises, which has laid a huge market foundation for the development of vertical machining centers in China.
Third, the development trend of vertical machining centers
With the continuous advancement of science and technology, the requirements for precision, efficiency and quality are getting higher and higher. The vertical machining center is in a favorable period of the moment, and its future development will be upgraded by the advanced technology, which will inevitably move toward more advanced. The manufacturing field is embodied in the following aspects:
1. To the ultra-precision machining, high efficiency direction: the vertical machining center will sprint to higher machining precision, the height of this machining precision is unlimited, the current goal is to enter the nano-scale, and the status quo is at the highest end Submicron level.
2. Development towards large-scale and miniaturization: Due to the development of aerospace and other technologies in recent years, large-scale ultra-precision processing equipment has attracted much attention. At home and abroad, funds have been invested in research and development, which has led to the development of Liga. Due to the development of micro-machines and integrated circuits, ultra-precision machining technology has been developed to miniaturization, such as micro-sensors, micro-driving components and power units, and micro-aerospace devices.
3. Integration of processing and testing: Ultra-precision machining has high precision and numerous influencing factors. It is necessary to carry out on-line inspection and condition monitoring to ensure processing quality and stability. The accuracy of the processing equipment itself is sometimes difficult to meet the high-precision machining requirements, and online detection and error compensation methods are needed to improve the accuracy and ensure the processing quality.
4. Research on new materials: At present, the urgent need for precision machining and ultra-precision machining in China is practical. It is necessary to extend some mature or relatively mature precision machining and ultra-precision machining technology to the actual situation to improve the processing technology level. The production of mechanical products is of better quality and higher production efficiency.
At this exhibition, there is still a big gap between China's Lijia products in industrialization technology and deep-level technology, and lack of market competitiveness. Domestic enterprises should strengthen technical exchanges and cooperation with each other and adopt an active strategy of going global and introducing. Keeping up with the international advanced level, we will concentrate our strengths and improve our technical level, accelerate the shortening of gaps with advanced foreign products, strive to improve stability and reliability, solve the problems of marketization and industrialization, and improve the market competitiveness of domestic enterprises.
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Abstract By visiting the 14th China International Machine Tool Show (CIMT2015) held in Beijing, we learned about the development of domestic and foreign machine tools and the gap between China's machine tool development and the world's advanced countries. Because there are so many products, not one by one, the vertical machining center is...
By visiting the 14th China International Machine Tool Show (CIMT2015) held in Beijing, we learned about the development of domestic and foreign machine tools and the gap between China's machine tool development and the world's advanced countries. Because there are many products, not one by one, a vertical machining center is taken as an example for a brief overview.