Application of superhard tools in machining hard and brittle materials (2)

Third, the cutting of hardened steel

The CBN-L, cBN-W and diamond composite blade PCD-D are used to turn the hard tool steel T10A (HRC60~63), and -L, -W, -D respectively represent the manufacturer. Tool geometry parameters: g 0 =0°, g 0l = -20°, b g = 0.2 mm, k r = 45°. . r e = 0.5 mm (CBN), 4 mm (PCD). Cutting amount: a p = 0.1 mm, f = 0.05 mm / r, V = 84 m / min. The tool wear curve is shown in Figure 1.

The T10A was cut with a cemented carbide YM053 blade and a Si 3 N 4 based composite ceramic blade. g 0 = -8°, g 0l = -20°, b g = 0.2 mm, k r = 45°. . r e =0.5 mm, a p =O.1 mm, f=0.05 mm/r, V=44 m/min. The tool wear curve is shown in Figure 2.

It can be seen from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 that the effect of machining hardened steel with CBN composite blade is very good, and the effect of cutting hardened steel with diamond composite blade PCD is very poor. Carbide and ceramic inserts cut T10A at lower cutting speeds (V=44m/min), and tool durability is significantly lower than CBN tools.

Fourth, the cutting of cemented carbide

The diamond cemented carbide YG2O (HRA85) was turned with a diamond composite blade PCD and CBN composite blade. The geometrical parameters of the tool are the same as in Fig. 1. a p = 0.1 mm, f = 0.05 mm/r, V = 16.4 m/min. The tool wear curve is shown in Figure 3. It can be seen that the cutting of YG20 with PCD and CBN inserts has achieved good results, especially with CBN. Since YG20 contains 20% of Co, which belongs to the iron family, it may have a chemical reaction with the diamond tool, which caused the PCD tool to produce a slightly higher wear rate.

Fifth, the cutting of industrial glass

Industrial glass (SiO 2 +Na 2 O+CaO, HV40O-500) was turned with PCD and CBN inserts. The tool geometry is the same as in Figure 1. a p = 0.1 mm, f = 0.05 mm/r, and V = 38 m/min. The test results are shown in Figure 4. The cutting results are good. And PCD leads.

6. Cutting of engineering ceramics

Al 2 O 3 based composite ceramics (HRA88-89) were machined with PCD, TFD and CBN. The tool geometry parameters are the same as in Fig. 1. a p = 0.1 mm, f = 0.05 mm/r, and V = 38 m/min. The test results are shown in Figure 5. As can be seen from Figure 5, the cutting effect of the diamond boring tool is superior to that of the CBN tool.

Figure 4 Superhard tool turning industrial glass
Figure 5 superhard tool turning engineering ceramics
Seven, conclusion

For cutting high-hardness materials, the tool material must have high hardness and elastic modulus. Superhard materials are very suitable for this, which is a match of mechanical properties.

The tool material should be inert to the material of the workpiece in the chemical building. Otherwise, the wear rate of the tool is high. Therefore, diamond tools are not suitable for cutting iron-based materials, such as hardened steel. This is a match of chemical properties. CBN is the best knife material for fine-cut hardened steel.

Cutting industrial glass and engineering ceramics with diamond tools is also very effective.

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Single Handle Faucets

The present invention provides a multifunctional pull faucet, comprising: a faucet body, a drawing part is provided at the water outlet port thereof, and the drawing part is connected to a main channel, wherein at least three are provided in the faucet body A branch channel, and the three branch channels are all connected to the main channel. A multifunctional pull faucet provided by the present invention, wherein the hot water channel, the cold water channel and the water purification channel (pure water channel) are all connected to the main channel , And the main channel is connected with the drawing part on the main body of the faucet, so that the drawing part can obtain the water quality (hot water, cold water, purified water or pure water) required by different users, thereby improving the user experience, and , By integrating the hot water channel, cold water channel and pure water channel (pure water channel) into the main channel, the internal structure of the faucet is simplified, and the production cost of the faucet is reduced..

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October 25, 2022