Some common problems and protection of CNC machine tool spindles

Source: China Bearing Network Time: 2013-02-10

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These years; following the continuous expansion of the company's market demand and the technological content of the products produced; the company introduced, produced and applied a large number of CNC machine tools; become the key equipment for the production of our company's piston.
The spindle is the center of the machine tool; some of the problems that often occur in the spindle motor and the spindle box, as well as the protection and repair methods are as follows:
1, spindle motor.
Most of the CNC machine tools use variable frequency speed control motors. The frequency conversion speed control motor has hard mechanical characteristics; excellent stability, no slip loss; high efficiency, simple wiring, convenient control, low price, high efficiency and smooth speed regulation; High speed, high power; speed change agile, reliable, stepless speed change and other characteristics.
The common mechanical problems of variable frequency speed control motors are motor heating, oscillation, noise, etc.
(1), motor heating:
The main problem is that the motor is damaged by the fault of the electrical equipment; the mechanical fault is usually caused by damage to the motor bearing, large gap between the bearing and the motor when the rotor rotates at high speed, or the bearing lacks grease; the heat-dissipating fan does not work or may be damaged.
Repair method: usually replace the motor bearing or the bearing plus excess grease; check whether the exhaust fan is outstanding; remove the dirt on the exhaust fan.
(2), motor oscillation:
The cause of the oscillation is not only the bearing damage; the looseness of the motor fastening bolt or the excessive gap between the motor pulley and the motor shaft can cause the motor to oscillate.
Repair method: replace the motor bearing or the bearing grease; tighten the motor and the machine bed to connect the bolt; check the pulley dynamic balance; the gap between the inner diameter of the pulley and the motor spindle can be out of tolerance.
(3), motor noise:
The mechanical problem of motor noise is mainly caused by damage to the motor bearing or the bearing is short.
Repair method: replace the motor bearing; the bearing replaces the grease from the head; the best choice is the high temperature resistant grease; and the grease is over-modified.
2, the headstock.
The headstock component is one of the important components of the machine tool. The spindle component and the support member are all selected with a new layout with good rigidity and vibration resistance. The machining accuracy, anti-vibration function and thermal deformation of the spindle have direct processing quality for the piston. Influence. Because the frequency conversion motor is selected; the headstock layout of the CNC machine tool is relatively simple. The first is the front and rear bearings supporting the main shaft; the motor is driven by the belt to directly transmit the power; the main shaft front end usually uses double row cylindrical roller bearings and angular touch. Ball bearing combination; double-row cylindrical roller bearing for rear support. The front and rear bearings use lock nut and bearing clearance adjustment pad to eliminate the adjustment of axial and radial clearance. This layout can have powerful cutting function; Satisfied with the demand for piston machining; it is the layout method used by most of the control machine tools produced by our company.
The main problem of the spindle is the spindle heat, noise, and unstable processing scale.
(1), spindle heating, noise:
The cause of the main shaft heating is the bearing damage or the bearing lack of grease; the pre-tightening force of the bearing is too tight.
Repair method: the main shaft heat is to find the heat source first; determine which end of the bearing heat is incurred; then change the main shaft by hand; determine whether the elastic can be uniform when the main shaft changes; whether there is a sinking point. If it is the bearing caused by the spindle heating; To replace or remove the spindle bearing, bearing plus excess grease. When removing the bearing, usually use kerosene or gasoline to remove; first wash and then fine wash; then evenly change the high temperature resistant grease and then assemble from the beginning. If the bearing preload Excessive heat caused by the overheating; first check the gap between the bearing and the bearing clearance adjusting pad before and after the measurement; the demand is not under the external force of the lock nut; the gap between the bearing and the bearing clearance adjusting pad is 0.08mm-0.10mm Between; then lock the nut from the head; eliminate the bearing clearance.
(2), the processing scale is unstable:
Damage to the spindle bearing or excessive or too small bearing clearance will incur instability in the scale of the processed product.
Repair method: check the replacement of the spindle bearing. The bearing wear will directly affect the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece and the roughness of the workpiece. Adjust the thickness of the bearing clearance adjustment pad; make the axial runout and radial runout of the spindle reach the best condition.

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