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Application of lime, strong acid soil below pH 5.0, in order to avoid citrus deficiency of magnesium and facilitate the uniform absorption of nutrients, it is advisable to use dolomitic lime (bitter lime) to adjust the pH of the soil and mix the fruits with compost. 30 cm in soil. The amount of lime used is 1000 kg per hectare of sandy loam; 1500 kg per year for loamy soil; 2000 can be applied per year for clay soil, and can be stopped if the pH of the soil reaches 6 or above.
In the application of medium and micro-elements, acidic soils are prone to magnesium deficiency. In addition to lime application, fertilization is applied in spring when the symptoms are severe, and magnesium oxide is applied at 150-200 kg/ha, or 1 kg/s of magnesium sulfate per plant. The leaf surface can also be sprayed with 2% - 3% magnesium sulfate solution or magnesium nitrate solution, and sprayed 5 times a year without dropping the liquid. Magnesium or foliar application can be applied to magnesium in neutral or alkaline soils. Citrus is prone to boron deficiency. In a 10-year-old citrus orchard, 50 grams of boric acid is applied to the ground under each tree. If the symptoms are no longer present, it will not be applied within 4 years. It is also possible to spray 0.3% boric acid solution twice in March-June, but not for years. For the application of zinc-manganese fertilizer, when the concentration of zinc or manganese in the spring shoot leaves of citrus is less than 2.5 mg/kg in August, the same amount of calcium oxide may be added as an emulsion by using zinc sulfate or manganese manate 0.3%-0.5%. For foliar application, spray 3 to 4 times every 7-10 days to prevent zinc deficiency or manganese deficiency.
2, banana special preparation
(1) Tissue culture seedlings: N: P 2 0 5 : K 2 O = 1010 - 165 g / plant / year: 55 - 80 g / plant / year;
(2) Sucking seedlings; N: P 2 0 5 : K 2 O = 1010 - 165 g / plant / year: 55 - 80 g / plant / year: 220 - 330 g / plant / year.
The fertility of the plant can be reduced. Fertilization time, from the first month after planting, generally every fertilizer should be applied once, and the number of fertilization can reach 5 times. The fertilization position is controlled by a ring or grooved shape at a distance of 20 cm at the ground level of the leaves. The application of organic fertilizer should be well mixed with the soil before planting to keep the soil moist, and the banana seedlings can be planted after 7-10 days.
3, lychee special fertilizer formula
(1) The formula for the 5-9-year-old lychee tree special fertilizer is: N : P 2 0 5 : K 2 O=250 - 560 g / plant / year: 200 - 500 g / plant / year: 250 - 500 g / strain / year;
(2) The special formula for lychee trees of 9 years or older is: N : P 2 0 5 : K 2 O = 300 - 600 g / plant / year: 200 - 240 g / plant / year: 270 - 360 g / plant / year.
Fertilization period and distribution rate %: Flowering period Application amount N : P 2 0 5 : K 2 O=30% : 50% : 30%; Young fruit fertilization amount N : P 2 0 5 : K 2 O=20% : 0% : 20%; late harvest N : P 2 0 5 : K 2 O=50% : 50% : 50%.
4, apple special fertilizer formula (Table 8-1)
Table 8-1 Apple special fertilizer formula
Age (year) 1 — 3 4 — 6 7 — 9 10 — 12 13 — 15 16 — 18 19 — 21
Compost (kg / plant / year) 5 10 20 25 30 40 50
N (kg / plant / year) 0.16 0.28 0.44 0.63 0.72 0.81 0.88
P 2 0 5 (kg / plant / year) 0.10 0.19 0.24 0.41 0.44 0.48 0.52
K 2 O (kg / plant / year) 0.10 0.19 0.36 0.50 0.55 0.59 0.63
When the soil pH is below 0.6, the dolomitic lime powder can be applied to improve the acidity of the soil. For example, if more than 15 years, more than 5 kg of dolomite powder can be applied to each plant, and no excessive application can be applied. Otherwise, the trace element can be reduced. Symptoms .
Prevention of apple physiological diseases:
(1) Shrinking disease: In the dry period, the solubility of boron in strong acid soil is reduced, which affects the absorption of boron by fruit trees, which may lead to boron deficiency (ie, shrinkage). The dolomite powder organic fertilizer is improved year by year, and attention is paid to the orchard irrigation during drought. When symptoms are found to be deficient, foliar application of 0.15% aqueous solution of boric acid for 2 to 3 times during the growth period of 5-8 months can alleviate the symptoms.
(2) Rough skin disease: It is also a disease that is easy to occur in apples. Especially for the five-claw system, the disease is mainly caused by the application of dolomitic lime powder and the application of organic fertilizer in the trunk and main branches.
(3) Bitter acne disease (calcium deficiency): occurs during fruit harvesting and storage. In addition to the application of lime or dolomite powder to the leaves in the orchard, it is necessary to pay attention to the proper amount of water during the dry season. If the symptoms were found in the previous year, one month before the start of the fruit harvest period, 0.3% calcium chloride (not mixed into the farmland) should be sprayed on the leaves and fruit surfaces for 3-4 times to allow the calcium to be directly absorbed by the fruit.
5, peach tree special fertilizer formula (peach) (Table 8-2) When using organic fertilizer, care should be taken to avoid the use of organic fertilizer containing heavy metals. When the soil pH is below 6.0, dolomite powder can be applied with the base fertilizer to improve The acidity of the soil, for example, 15 kg of dolomite powder per plant can be applied to the 15 year old fruit trees. However, it is not easy to overdo so as to avoid the symptoms of trace elements in fruit trees.
Table 8-2 Recommended formula for peach tree special fertilizer
Tree age (year) 1 — 3 4 — 6 7 — 9 10 — 12 13 — 15 16 — 18 19 — 21
Compost (kg / plant / year) 3 5 7 12 15 20 30
N (kg / plant / year) 0.10 0.15 0.30 0.41 0.45 0.49 0.53
P 2 0 5 (kg / plant / year) 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.24 0.27 0.30 0.32
K 2 O (kg / plant / year) 0.04 0.08 0.20 0.31 0.35 0.39 0.43
Fertilization time and distribution rate, compost, phosphate fertilizer and more than 60% of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied as base fertilizer, and the remaining 40% of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied as top dressings.
6, pear tree special fertilizer formula (Table 8-3) fertilization time, distribution rate and application technology of dolomite powder, please refer to the fertilization method of peach.
Table 8-3 Recommended formula for pear tree special fertilizer
Tree age (year) 1 — 3 4 — 6 7 — 9 10 — 12 13 — 15 16 — 18 19 — 21 22 — 24
Compost (kg / plant / year) 5 10 15 20 30 35 40 50
N (kg / plant / year) 0.11 0.22 0.47 0.75 0.83 0.92 0.99 1.08
P 2 0 5 (kg / plant / year) 0.06 0.11 0.23 0.44 0.50 0.56 0.62 0.67
K 2 O (kg / plant / year) 0.06 0.16 0.35 0.60 0.64 0.71 0.76 0.82
7. Lishu special fertilizer formula (Table 8-4) Fertilization time and distribution rate (%), compost and phosphorus as base fertilizer applied once; nitrogen and potassium fertilizers 50% as base fertilizer; residual potassium fertilizer after one-time harvesting After the application, the remaining nitrogen fertilizer was applied twice in the young fruit stage and the late fruit picking stage. The fertilization method can be applied by strip application, point application or annular fertilization, and the soil is covered after fertilization. If the soil pH is below 6.0, each plant is applied with 5 kg of bitter lime to improve soil acidity.
Table 8-4 Recommended formula for special fertilizer for plum tree
Tree age (year) 1~3 4~6 7~10 11~13 14~16
Compost (kg / plant / year) 5 10 15 20 30
N (kg / plant / year) 0.06 0.12 0.18 0.24 0.30
P 2 O 5 (kg / plant / year) 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20
K 2 O (kg / plant / year) 0.06 0.12 0.18 0.24 0.30
8, sweet persimmon tree special fertilizer formula (Table 8-5) fertilization time and distribution rate (%), compost and phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer after one-time application of defoliation; potassium fertilizer after defoliation as a base fertilizer application 50%, young fruit period for topdressing 50 %; apply 50% after defoliation, 30% in young fruit, and 20% after harvest. The first fertilization in late winter and early spring can be applied by fertilization methods such as strip application, ring and radiation, and the soil is applied after fertilization; the second time is topdressing in the fruit enlargement period, and the application is applied at the 1/2 side of the canopy after rain or combined irrigation. .
Table 8-5 Recommended formula for special fertilizer for persimmon
Tree age (year) 1~3 4~6 7~10 11~12
Compost (kg / plant / year) 5 10 15 20
N (kg / plant / year) 0.06 0.12 0.19 0.26
P 2 O 5 (kg / plant / year) 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.06
K 2 O (kg / plant / year) 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03
9. Grape special fertilizer formula (Table 8-6) Fertilization time and distribution rate (%), 100% of phosphate fertilizer from November to December before winter, 50% of nitrogen fertilizer, 30% of potash fertilizer for one-time application of base fertilizer; 20% of flowering period Nitrogen fertilizer, 20% potassium fertilizer for the first top dressing application; hard core period 20% nitrogen fertilizer, 25% potash fertilizer for the second top dressing application; coloring period 25% potash fertilizer for the third top dressing application; harvesting period 10% Nitrogen fertilizer was applied for the fourth time. The acid soil can be applied to the soil for the improvement of the dolomite powder.
Table 8-6 Recommended formula for grape special fertilizer
Tree age (year) 1~3 4~7 8~11 12~15
Mountain garden
N (kg / plant / year) 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.16
P 2 O 5 (kg / plant / year) 0.07 0.10 0.15 0.20
K 2 O (kg / plant / year) 0.06 0.09 0.13 0.18
Flat garden
N (kg / plant / year) 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.16
P 2 O 5 (kg / plant / year) 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.15
K 2 O (kg / plant / year) 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.16
Compost (kg / ha) annual application of compost 10000~20000
10, eucalyptus special fertilizer formula (Table 8-7) All fruit tree compound fertilizer recommended formula is N content 16%, P 2 O 5 content 8%, K 2 O content 12% referred to as fruit tree fertilizer. The above-mentioned special fertilizer for fruit trees was applied on the alfalfa. In the first year, 2.2 kg was applied to each tree, and it was applied once every 6 times (every two months), plus 3 kg of peanut cake. In the second year, 3 kg per tree was applied, which was applied 4 times (every 3 months). In the second year, 3.8 kg per plant was applied 3 times, no organic fertilizer was added, and the amount of fertilizer should be increased every year. Apply organic fertilizer.
Table 8-7 Recommended formula for special fertilizer
Tree age (year) 1 2 3 4 or more
N (kg / plant / year) 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70
P 2 O 5 (kg / plant / year) 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35
K 2 O (kg / plant / year) 0.30 0.375 0.45 0.525
The method of application is to apply the fertilizer to the rhizosphere soil or lightly cultivate the soil, or to infiltrate with water, or dissolve it in the rhizosphere. Adult trees (more than 3 years) can be sprayed with water on the ground, or open a strip of radiation ditch 30 cm from the center of the trunk, 10 cm near the dry, gradually deepen to 15-20 cm, fertilized and covered. When the soil is below pH 5.5, dolomite powder can be applied in an appropriate amount, 1~2 tons per hectare. If the pH exceeds 6.0, the application will be stopped. In the magnesium-deficient area, the application of dolomite powder is superior to limestone powder.
1. Citrus special fertilizer formula 1 - 3 years old sapling special fertilizer formula: N : P 2 0 5 : K 2 O = 75 g / plant / year: 75 g / plant / year: 75 g / plant / year; 5 years old Special fertilizer formula for saplings: N : P 2 0 5 : K 2 O = 150 g / plant / year: 150 g / plant / year: 150 g / plant / year. The compounding formula of mature trees over 5 years is N : P 2 0 5 : K 2 O=16:8:12. However, the amount of fertilizer applied is determined by the yield per plant. For example, when 40 kg of fruit per plant is produced, the fertilization amount per tree is N: P 2 0 5 : K 2 O = 500 g: 250 g: 375 g; When the plant produces 60 kg of fruit, the annual fertilization amount per tree is N: P 2 0 5 : K 2 O = 600 g: 300 g: 450 g; when the plant produces 90 kg, the annual fertilization amount per tree is N: P 2 0 5 : K 2 O=800 g: 400 g: 600 g; when the plant produces 120 kg, the annual fertilization amount per tree is N: P 2 0 5 : K 2 O = 1000 g: 500 g: 750 g . Fertilization period and distribution rate (%), before harvesting until spring buds sprouted N: P 2 0 5 : K 2 O=40%: 40% - 100%: 30%; flowering to fruiting period N : P 2 0 5: K 2 O==40%: 0-40%: 30%; fruit development period N: P 2 0 5 : K 2 O=20%: 0-20%: 40%. The fertilization method is preferably applied in a ring shape or a radial or strip groove or a deep hole, and the above method can be used alternately.
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