Low market competitiveness of international competitiveness is the basis of energy system reform

At present, China's energy system mainly has the following problems: the decentralization of government functions, the separation of industries, self-contained systems, isolation from each other, and mutual exclusion. There is a lack of market mechanisms and a strong impetus for development within the industry. Dispersed information resources, lack of scientific and accurate statistics, lack of government decision-making, and lack of data support for emergency response. Large enterprises are self-reliant and the authority of government supervision is challenged.

Despite the establishment of the National Energy Administration and the National Energy Commission, the long-standing problem of decentralized management of the energy system is still very prominent and a series of contradictions remain unresolved. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out in-depth reform of the energy system.

At present, the main drawbacks of China's energy management are decentralized management, lack of a centralized, unified, and coordinated energy management system. Energy exploration, development, production, transportation, and sales are scattered among government departments. There is a lack of centralized and unified coordination and management. .

The energy industry is an organism. All kinds of energy are components of this organism. Especially in the relationship between primary energy and secondary energy in China, the relationship between coal and electricity is very close. Due to the lack of unified and coordinating departments, there are internal monopolies and competitions in the energy industry, internal barriers are set up, difficulties are encountered in each other, unfair distribution of interests, industrial restructuring and cross-sector mergers and reorganizations are difficult, and international competitiveness is difficult to increase.

For example, the state defines the coal industry in primary energy as a competitive industry, and the power industry in secondary energy is actually a monopoly industry, resulting in the competition in the coal industry and monopoly in the power industry, which is not conducive to the equity of the energy upstream and downstream industry chain. Competition is not conducive to the restructuring of the energy industry and the development of the group, and it is not conducive to the international competition in the energy industry. As the national energy management tends to be weakened and dispersed, a comprehensive and unified energy statistics system is difficult to establish, and the energy statistics and index system is not perfect, so that it is difficult to carry out complete and accurate data statistical work such as energy production and consumption, and energy information. The availability of data is greatly reduced, and reliability is also greatly reduced.

In the coal industry, the country should continue to promote complete market-oriented reforms, continue strategic reorganization of coal companies, thoroughly liberalize coal prices, establish a sound coal market system and mechanism, and encourage market competition.

In the oil and gas industry, we will continue to promote market-oriented reforms, continue to reform oil prices and natural gas prices, accelerate the process of further expansion of market players, formulate more comprehensive oil and gas market access systems, and improve the relevant market access in accordance with the principle of discriminating upstream and downstream links. policy. The appropriate concentration of upstream and downstream oil and gas is implemented, while the downstream is fully competitive, allowing qualified private and foreign-funded enterprises to enter various industrial sectors.

From the long-term perspective of national energy security and sustainable economic development, China should establish a centralized and unified energy management system and establish energy management agencies and energy regulatory agencies. The purpose of establishing an effective government supervision system in the energy industry field is to prevent unfair competition, address market failures, protect consumer interests, and safeguard a fair market environment. The separation of government policy formulation functions and government supervision functions is a common practice in foreign countries, especially in developed countries. The energy management agencies are responsible for the formulation of energy strategies and regulations, and the energy regulatory agencies are in accordance with relevant laws and regulations to formulate detailed regulatory regulations to maintain market order.