In order to obtain high yield of summer peanuts, fertilization is the key. According to the law of peanut fertilizer, the fertilization period and fertilizer type should be mastered in order to obtain high yield. So what kind of fertilizer is high yield in summer? First, supplement the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer early. Generally, 3,000 kg of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure and 5 kg of urea per mu are used as the base fertilizer. The time for applying the seedling fertilizer should not be later than the flowering period. The amount of fertilizer applied is 30-40 kg of peanut fertilizer, or 10 kg of urea. 15 kg of amine and 10 kg of potassium chloride. Second, apply phosphate fertilizer. The peak period of phosphorus requirement for peanuts is mainly before the pod-forming period. Therefore, it is advisable to apply phosphate fertilizer in the early stage, and generally apply 12 kg of calcium phosphate per mu. After sealing the ridge, if the phosphate fertilizer is insufficient, spray 3% of the superphosphate solution, spray once every 7-10 days, even spray 2-3 times. Third, the application of medium and small amounts of fertilizer. Apply calcium fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer, iron fertilizer and boron fertilizer. Phosphogypsum for calcium fertilizer is applied to the pod layer with 50 kg of phosphogypsum before the peanut seal, and ammonium molybdate for the molybdenum fertilizer. Sprayed twice with ammonium molybdate solution at a concentration of 0.05% at the seedling stage, ferrous sulfate for iron fertilizer, and sprayed 2-3 times with a ferrous sulfate solution at a concentration of 0.2% after rain or irrigation. Boric acid was sprayed twice with a boric acid solution at a concentration of 0.1% at the flowering stage. Fourth, foliar spray fertilizer. That is, in the late growth stage, 0.5 kg of urea and 0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are added to the surface of 50 kg of water for 2-3 times to prevent premature aging. Grasping the above fertilization measures is critical to increasing peanut yield. In order to obtain high yields in summer, in addition to scientific fertilization methods, scientifically strengthening medium-term management is the key to obtaining high-yield summer peanuts. The technical points of its management are: First, skillful chasing fruit fertilizer The mid-nutrient growth and reproductive growth of peanuts reached the peak stage at the same time. Not only the stems and leaves grew fastest, but also the plants were flowering and needle-dropping. A large number of fruit needles developed into pods, and the nutrient requirement increased significantly. In this period of topdressing, it is necessary to ensure that the peanuts have sufficient nutrient supply and prevent the plants from growing too prosperous. For the field with good soil fertility conditions, 25 kg of superphosphate and 10 kg of potassium sulphate should be applied in the initial flowering period to supplement the nutrition, control the anti-fall, and promote the development of the pod. For the field with poor soil fertility and water, and weak peanut plants, urea should be applied with 7.5-10 kg of urea, 30 kg of superphosphate and 10 kg of potassium sulfate at the initial flowering stage to meet the needs of vegetative growth and promote the formation of effective flowers. All fields should be combined with soil in the full bloom period, and 25 to 30 kilograms of gram powder should be applied to the pod layer to promote pod development, reduce empty shell and increase the fruit filling rate. In addition, if the heart yellow and white are green, the 0.3% to 0.5% aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate should be sprayed for treatment. Second, the soil and fruit needle The soil can thicken the soil layer, shorten the distance of the fruit needle into the soil, make the fruit needle enter the soil early, and early results, and create a loose and ventilated soil layer for pod development. At the same time, after the soil is cultivated, a ditch is formed between the rows to facilitate drainage. Before the peanuts are sealed, a few fruit needles have been put into the soil, and a large number of fruit needles are about to enter the soil, which is combined with the last time. Flat peanuts can be tied with a grass ring on the hook, deep slammed, and the soil is on both sides of the base of the peanut. For ridge planting, you can use the big hoe to squat the ditch, shallowly scrape the ridge back, and then use the shackles to hook the soil. When cultivating soil, it is necessary to reach a narrow groove, a ridge, a steep slope, and a concave ditch. The base of the stem is not sealed, and the fruit needles and young stems that have already entered the soil are not damaged. Third, watering and draining The flowering and pod-forming stages are critical periods of water demand for peanuts and are most sensitive to drought (especially during the flowering and early pod stages). Although this period is in the rainy season, the precipitation is often unevenly distributed, and the drought is imperfect. Therefore, we must pay great attention to dry irrigation and drainage, and create good water conditions for peanut growth and development. The suitable soil water content in the flowering and pod-forming period is 60%-70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. If the soil moisture in the drought is less than 60%, it should be immediately watered and drought-proof, and the watering method should be sprayed or small water quickly. Ditch irrigation, avoid flooding. If there is too much precipitation, it should be eliminated in time, otherwise the peanut will affect the root and pod development due to soil hypoxia, resulting in a lot of rotten fruit, reducing yield and quality. Therefore, Nonghiko has the saying that "peanuts like to smash the sky, do not like the earth and do not stick the needles, and the ground is not wet." Fourth, control the tree to keep stable The mid-term growth stage of peanuts is most afraid of excessive growth of stems and leaves. Some high-yield peanut fields, due to high fertility, fertilization (especially more nitrogen fertilizer), soil water, are easy to cause long stems during flowering (stems, internodes, canopy, fruit needles) And the needle is not true.) The long peanuts are prone to lodging when the rain is frequent or the wind and rain are mixed. After the peanuts are lodging, the stems and leaves overlap, the ground is attached, the ventilation is poor, the leaves are rotted, the photosynthesis area is reduced, and the organic matter is insufficiently produced, resulting in severe production reduction. Therefore, in the middle and high-yield peanut fields, at the end of the flowering period, when the main stem reaches 40 cm, the mu is sprayed with 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 40-50 g plus 50 kg of water to control the growth and reproductive growth. Proportion to prevent plants from growing up. V. Prevention and control of pests and diseases The main pests and diseases in the middle stage of peanuts are leaf spot, cockroach, cotton bollworm and aphids. Peanut leaf spot disease in the early stage of the disease, when the field disease rate is 10% to 15%, use 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times solution, or 70% methyl thiophanate WP 1500 times solution, or 80% Dyson Meng Zinc 400 times liquid, spray once every 7 to 10 days, even spray 2 to 3 times, 50 kg per spray per liquid (the above agents are used alternately). 蛴螬When cultivating the soil, use 48% of the 300% lesbian 300ml or 50% phoxim 250g and 30kg of fine soil to mix and make the toxic soil. Spread the ridges near the plants and cultivate the soil after sown. The aphids were sprayed with 10% imidacloprid or 50% anti-converse WP 2000 times. Helicoverpa armigera is controlled by 2.5% enemy killing or 20% speeding 1500 times liquid spray.
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